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Cross-sectional view of the combined spinal-epidural (CSE) needle-through-needle technique. The large-gauge epidural needle is sited in the epidural space and the small-gauge spinal needle is passed through the epidural needle and punctures the dura to site in the subarachnoid space. Reprinted with permission from Birnbach DJ, Ojea LS. Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) for labor and delivery. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2002;40(4):27–48.137 Copyright © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
