Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 24.
Published in final edited form as: Immunity. 2010 Sep 24;33(3):313–325. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.09.001

Figure 4. The positive effect of retinoic acid on Foxp3 expression completely depends on intact TGF-βRI kinase activity and Smad3.

Figure 4

(A) Purified CD4+ cells from Foxp3-GFP mice were stimulated with plate bound anti-CD3 (10µg/ml), soluble anti-CD28 (2µg/ml) and TGF-β (5ng/ml) with or without retinoic acid (100nM) and JNK kinase inhibitor (10µM), cyclosporine A (20nM), IL-27 (20ng/ml) or ALK5 inhibitor (5µM) for 4 days then collected for flow cytometry analysis.

(B) Purified CD4+ cells from B6-WT littermate mice and B6-Smad3 knockout were stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3 (10µg/ml), soluble anti-CD28 (1µg/ml), TGF-β(5ng/ml), RA (100nM) with or without ALK5 inhibitor (2.5µM) for 4 days. Cells were collected and stained with APC anti-Foxp3 (eBioscience) then subjected to flow cytometric analysis.