Table 3.
Pain Diagnoses in the Past Five Years.
| High-Dose Opioid Group (n=478) |
Traditional- Dose Opioid Group (n=500) |
No opioid Group (n=500) |
Test (df) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibromyalgia | 79 (16.5%) | 55 (11.0%) | 31 (6.2%) | χ2 (2) = 26.3 | < 0.001 |
| Inflammatory | 35 (7.3%) | 22 (4.4%) | 14 (2.8%) | χ2 (2) = 11.2 | 0.004 |
| Bowel Disease | |||||
| Low Back Pain | 399 (83.5%) | 371 (74.2%) | 234 (46.8%) | χ2 (2) = 164.5 | < 0.001 |
| Migraine Headache | 102 (21.3%) | 112 (22.4%) | 72 (14.4%) | χ2 (2) = 12.0 | 0.002 |
| Neck or Joint Pain | 392 (82.0%) | 401 (80.2%) | 315 (63.0%) | χ2 (2) = 58.1 | < 0.001 |
| Neuropathy | 86 (18.0%) | 54 (10.8%) | 56 (11.2%) | χ2 (2) = 13.8 | 0.001 |
| Rheumatism/ Arthritis |
343 (71.8%) | 321 (64.2%) | 236 (47.2%) | χ2 (2) = 65.4 | < 0.001 |