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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Jun 18;140(6):1257–1265. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.05.014

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Time course for peri- and post-operative plasma levels of the cytokines TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-8 and IL-1β in infants undergoing repair of a VSD. TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-8 have similar time courses, peaking at 4 hours and declining rapidly. IL-1β increases from essentially undetectable levels to a peak at 24 hours before returning to generally undetectable levels at 48 hours. The shaded bars indicate the range of mean baseline values ± SEM. Baseline values were obtained pre-incision, “XC” samples were obtained following modified ultrafiltration, and the other time points are measured from cross clamp removal. Note the variation in the Y-axis scale (all in pg/ml). #, p<0.05 vs baseline values, +, p<0.05 vs post-MUF (“XC”) values.