Table 1.

Echocardiographic data.

	Control group (n = 12)	Fructose group (n = 9)	MS-GFP group (n = 9)	MS–IL-18 group (n = 13)
LVEDD (mm)	5.93 ± 0.51	6.68 ± 0.47**	6.60 ± 0.48**	6.59 ± 0.59**
SWd (mm)	1.17 ± 0.16	1.44 ± 0.14*	1.38 ± 0.13*	1.49 ± 0.36**
PWd (mm)	1.16 ± 0.19	1.34 ± 0.13*	1.33 ± 0.19*	1.44 ± 0.22**
E (m/s)	111.4 ± 10.2	94.9 ± 7.6**	95.0 ± 10.3**	88.3 ± 5.6**
Ea (cm/s)	7.1 ± 1.2	5.4 ± 1.2**	5.4 ± 1.5**	4.9 ± 1.2**
E/Ea	16.2 ± 3.2	18.2 ± 4.0	19.0 ± 6.9	19.6 ± 6.4
Isovolumic relaxation time (ms)	11.09 ± 1.37	12.94 ± 1.53**	12.93 ± 1.44**	14.79 ± 1.85**##§§
Myocardial index	0.33 ± 0.04	0.43 ± 0.03**	0.43 ± 0.03**	0.47 ± 0.04**##§§
Ejection fraction (%)	81.8 ± 4.1	83.1 ± 4.6	83.4 ± 5.1	82.9 ± 5.2
Shortening fraction (%)	47.2 ± 3.3	48.4 ± 2.4	47.6 ± 3.1	48.1 ± 2.8

Data are expressed as means ± SD. E, peak velocity of early mitral inflow; Ea, early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus;

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01 versus the control group;

^##P < 0.01 versus the fructose group;

^§§P < 0.01 versus the MS-GFP group.