Table 2.
Means ± SD of times of the main events of ground reaction force (GRF) across 10 subjects and over 100 trials at three walking speeds.
| Slow | Normal | Fast | Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST (s) | 0.834 ± 0.097 | 0.652 ± 0.068 | 0.533 ± 0.046*,** | ↓ |
| TY1 (% ST) | 25.2 ± 7.6 | 21.5 ± 2.7 | 19.9 ± 2.6*,** | ↓ |
| TY2 (% ST) | 42.3 ± 7.3 | 46.0 ± 2.8 | 47.8 ± 2.5*,** | ↑ |
| TY3 (% ST) | 73.5 ± 2.5 | 74.7 ± 2.4 | 75.5 ± 1.8*,** | ↑ |
| TX1 (% ST) | 15.8 ± 4.8 | 13.7 ± 4.6 | 14.4 ± 3.3* | |
| TX2 (% ST) | 56.8 ± 4.0 | 55.1 ± 4.6 | 52.5 ± 5.2*,** | ↓ |
| TX3 (% ST) | 84.5 ± 1.9 | 85.1 ± 2.0 | 83.7 ± 2.8*,** | |
| TFF (% ST) | 19.6 ± 2.6 | 19.3 ± 2.1 | 19.6 ± 1.9 | = |
| THR (% ST) | 61.1 ± 4.3 | 58.8 ± 4.3 | 50.3 ± 3.9*,** | ↓ |
ST, stance phase duration; TY1 and TY3, times of the first and second peak of vertical GRF, respectively; TY2, time of plateau GRF between TY1 and TY3; TX1 and TX3, times of the first and second peak of anterior–posterior GRF, respectively; TX2, time of the start of propulsion (anterior–posterior GRF becomes positive); TFF, time of foot-flat; THR, time of heel-rise (see Fig. 3).
*
Statistically different between fast and slow speed groups at alpha = 0.05.
**
Statistically different between fast and normal speed groups at alpha = 0.05.