Fig. 3.

Effects of zoning on coral-eating starfish and hence on coral populations. (A) Frequency of outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish on no-take and fished midshelf reefs in regions with active outbreaks present. Data are for 1994–2004, redrawn from ref. 31; note low numbers of no-take reefs were available pre-2004; further background in SI Section 4. (B) Abundance of hard corals on midshelf reefs after crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. Data, previously unpublished, are means ±SEM of percent cover; details of methods in SI Section 4.