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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2010 May-Jun;81(3):988–1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01447.x

Table 3.

Multilevel Growth Models of Maternal Reports of Parent Involvement Predicting Achievement

Readinga Matha Vocaba

Intercept (SE) Slope (SE) Intercept (SE) Slope (SE) Intercept (SE) Slope (SE)
Level-1
Parent involvement - -0.48 (0.75) - -0.05 (0.73) - 0.35 (0.48)
Income-to needs ratio - -0.14 (0.15) - 0.08 (0.13) - 0.07 (0.11)
Children in the household - -0.34 (0.83) - -0.21 (0.64) - 0.70 (0.45)
Maternal marital status - -0.82 (1.19) - -0.48 (1.17) - -0.16 (0.81)
Hrs of maternal employment - 0.01 (0.02) - -0.02 (0.02) - -0.00 (0.02)
Teacher experience - 0.00 (0.02) - -0.01 (0.02) - 0.03* (0.01)
Classroom quality - -0.92*** (0.04) - -0.52*** (0.03) - -0.13*** (0.02)
Level-2
Intercept 485.10*** (0.47) 1.11*** (0.01) 492.12*** (0.30) 0.79*** (0.01) 495.15*** (0.20) 0.44*** (0.01)
Average Parent Involvement a -0.34 (1.57) 0.04 (0.05) -1.13 (1.00) 0.01 (0.03) 0.15 (0.77) -0.01 (0.03)
Early Childhood Family Variables
Child Male -0.06 (0.94) -0.04 (0.03) -3.06*** (0.53) 0.05** (0.01) -1.19* (0.51) 0.03** (0.01)
Child Black -3.33 (1.84) -0.02 (0.05) -1.89 (1.00) -0.01 (0.03) -0.79 (0.80) -0.04* (0.02)
Child Hispanic 2.33 (1.87) 0.06 (0.06) -0.27 (1.07) 0.06 (0.03) 1.76* (0.79) -0.00 (0.03)
Child other ethnicity -1.76 (2.22) 0.05 (0.06) 1.03 (1.34) 0.06 (0.04) 3.16** (1.05) -0.03 (0.03)
Maternal Age -0.03 (0.12) 0.00 (0.00) 0.04 (0.06) -0.00 (0.00) -0.04 (0.05) -0.00 (0.00)
Maternal Education 0.23 (0.24) -0.00 (0.01) 0.20 (0.18) -0.00 (0.00) 0.21 (0.15) 0.00 (0.00)
PPVT scoreb 0.15** (0.04) 0.00 (0.00) 0.05* (0.02) 0.00 (0.00) 0.15*** (0.02) 0.00 (0.00)
Average early income-to-needsc -0.17 (0.24) 0.01 (0.01) 0.09 (0.15) 0.00 (0.00) 0.15 (0.15) 0.00 (0.01)
Average HOME scoresd 1.20 (0.86) 0.03 (0.03) 1.06* (0.49) 0.02 (0.02) 1.02 (0.48) -0.01 (0.01)
Early Achievement Score e 0.40*** (0.02) -0.01*** (0.00) 0.34*** (0.02) -0.00*** (0.00) 0.38*** (0.02) -0.00** (0.00)
Middle Childhood Family Variables a
Average Marital status 2.39* (1.17) -0.05 (0.04) 0.80 (0.75) 0.04 (0.03) 0.39 (0.76) -0.00 (0.02)
Average Maternal Employment 0.02 (0.03) -0.00 (0.00) 0.01 (0.02) 0.00 (0.00) -0.00 (0.02) 0.00 (0.00)
Average childhood income 0.19 (0.25) -0.00 (0.01) 0.17 (0.16) -0.00 (0.00) -0.16 (0.13) -0.00 (0.00)
Average children in home -0.45 (0.62) -0.01 (0.02) -0.17 (0.33) .01 (0.01) -0.88** (0.27) -0.01 (0.01)
Classroom Variables a
Average teacher experience 0.01 (0.06) 0.00 (0.00) 0.02 (0.04) 0.00 (0.00) 0.03 (0.03) 0.00 (0.00)
Average classroom quality -0.07 (0.16) -0.02*** (0.00) -0.01 (0.11) -0.01*** (0.00) 0.08 (0.09) -0.01* (0.00)

Note. N = 1364

a

Data from 1st, 3rd, and 5th

b

Data from 36 months of age

c

Data from 6-54 months of age

d

Data from 15-54 months of age

e

Data from 54 months of age

*

p <.05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.