Table 6.
Multilevel Growth Models of Teacher-reports of Parent Involvement Predicting Social Skills and Problem Behaviors
| Teacher-report SSRS | Mother- report SSRS | Teacher-report CBCL | Mother-report CBCL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | ||||||||
| Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | Intercept (SE) | Slope (SE) | |
| Level-1 | ||||||||
| Parent involvement | - | 1.83** (0.47) | - | 0.14 (0.34) | - | -0.80* (0.31) | - | -0.04 (0.24) |
| Income-to needs ratio | - | -0.24 (0.18) | - | 0.14 (0.17) | - | 0.08 (0.13) | - | -0.03 (0.10) |
| Children in the household | - | 0.71 (0.87) | - | 0.98 (0.61) | - | -0.55 (0.54) | - | 0.26 (0.32) |
| Maternal marital status | - | -0.97 (1.33) | - | 1.12 (0.96) | - | 0.43 (0.72) | - | -1.05 (0.61) |
| Hours of maternal employment | - | -0.02 (0.03) | - | 0.03 (0.02) | - | 0.01 (0.02) | - | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Teacher experience | - | -0.01 (0.03) | - | -0.02 (0.02) | - | 0.00 (0.02) | - | 0.02 (0.01) |
| Classroom quality | - | 0.09* (0.04) | - | 0.03 (0.03) | - | -0.08** (0.02) | - | -0.02 (0.02) |
| Level-2 | ||||||||
| Intercept | 102.93*** (0.31) | 0.04* (0.01) | 106.14*** (0.30) | -0.05*** (0.01) | 50.54*** (0.19) | -0.01 (0.01) | 47.53*** (0.20) | -0.05*** (0.01) |
| Average Parent Involvement a | 6.56*** (0.62) | 0.03 (0.02) | 2.58*** (0.64) | .01 (0.02) | -3.81*** (0.37) | -0.01 (0.02) | -0.83 (0.54) | 0.01 (0.02) |
| Early Childhood Family Variables | ||||||||
| Child Male | -0.18 (0.62) | -0.00 (0.02) | 0.56 (0.67) | -0.02 (0.02) | -0.43 (0.47) | -0.02 (0.01) | -0.26 (0.37) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Child Black | -2.17* (0.99) | -0.03 (0.05) | -2.50 (1.30) | 0.06 (0.04) | 1.10 (0.88) | 0.03 (0.03) | -0.86 (0.92) | -0.02 (0.02) |
| Child Hispanic | -0.23 (1.31) | -0.08 (0.06) | -0.97 (1.51) | .01 (0.04) | -0.17 (0.82) | 0.03 (0.03) | -1.53 (0.89) | -0.03 (0.02) |
| Child other ethnicity | 0.97 (1.56) | -0.01 (0.06) | -0.26 (1.45) | -0.04 (0.04) | -1.17 (1.01) | -0.02 (0.03) | -1.46 (1.21) | -0.03 (0.03) |
| Maternal Age | -0.10 (0.07) | 0.00 (0.00) | -0.00 (0.07) | -0.00 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.04) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.08 (0.04) | -0.00 (0.00) |
| Maternal Education | 0.16 (0.18) | -0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.19) | -0.00 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.15) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.08 (0.12) | -0.00 (0.00) |
| PPVT scoreb | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.07* (0.03) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.02 (0.02) | -0.00 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Average early income-to-needsc | -0.05 (0.17) | 0.02* (0.01) | -0.55** (0.20) | 0.01* (0.00) | -0.04 (0.14) | -0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.11) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Average HOME scoresd | 1.66* (0.61) | -0.01 (0.02) | 0.97 (0.66) | 0.02 (0.02) | -1.19* (0.50) | 0.01 (0.02) | -0.73* (0.36) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Early Outcome Score e | 0.04 (0.03) | -0.00 (0.00) | 0.57*** (0.03) | 0.00*** (0.00) | 0.12*** (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.64*** (0.02) | -0.00 (0.00) |
| Middle Childhood Family Variables a | ||||||||
| Average Marital status | 1.13 (0.92) | -0.07 (0.04) | 0.39 (1.05) | -0.00 (0.02) | -1.06 (0.66) | -0.01 (0.02) | -0.60 (0.63) | 0.02 (0.02) |
| Average Maternal Employment | 0.06*** (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.04* (0.02) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.02 (0.02) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Average childhood income | 0.09 (0.14) | -0.01 (0.01) | 0.41* (0.16) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.06 (0.12) | 0.01 (0.00) | -0.27** (0.09) | -0.00 (0.00) |
| Average children in home | 0.85* (0.35) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.10 (0.41) | 0.01 (0.01) | -0.53 (0.27) | 0.00 (0.01) | -0.72** (0.23) | 0.00 (0.01) |
| Classroom Variables a | ||||||||
| Average teacher experience | 0.14* (0.06) | 0.00 (0.00) | -0.05 (0.05) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.11** (0.04) | -0.00* (0.00) | 0.04 (0.04) | -0.00 (0.00) |
| Average classroom quality | 0.32** (0.10) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.12) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.22** (0.07) | -0.00 (0.00) | -0.17* (0.08) | 0.00 (0.01) |
Note. N = 1364
a
Data from 1st, 3rd, and 5th
b
Data from 36 months of age
c
Data from 6-54 months of age
d
Data from 15-54 months of age
e
Data from 54 months of age
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001