Effects of ligation, castration and hormone replacement on the efferent ductule. (A) Compared with the intact rat, the luminal diameter of the efferent ductule was significantly (a) decreased in ligated and castrated rats, following or not hormone replacement. However, compared with the castrated control animal, the luminal diameter was significantly (b) higher after treatment with the high dose of estradiol (E2; 400 μg). (B) The height of the epithelium decreased significantly (a) after unilateral ligation or castration followed or not by hormone replacement. Testosterone (T; 1 mg and 5 mg), DHT (5 mg) and estradiol (75 μg and 400 μg) caused a partial recovery of the epithelial height, compared with the castrated rat. Higher epithelium was seen after replacement with testosterone (5 mg) + estradiol (400 μg). Values represent means±S.E.M. (n = 3 in each group). a, P ≤ 0.05 compared with intact rat; b, P ≤ 0.05 compared with castrated rat. Uni, unilateral; Bi, bilateral.