In the lactose synthase complex (left), α-LA modulates the sugar acceptor specificity of the β4Gal-T1 enzyme from GlcNAc to Glc, while in the αpptGalNAc-Ts (right), although the catalytic domain alone exhibits catalytic activity, the lectin domain defines acceptor substrate specificity to the enzyme. Thus, in these proteins α-LA and the lectin domain are considered as “add-on” domains. There are many other transferases found where such a domain brings about substrate specificity to the enzyme.