Phylogenetic tree based on extracted 16S rRNA sequences. a Comparison of 20 different Enterobacteriaceae, based on extracted 16S rRNA sequences from the GenBank sequence files. E. coli and Shigella are shown in green. b Tree of 61 sequenced E. coli (black) and related species (colored), based on the alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Apart from Shigella spp., the genes from E. albertii and E. fergusonii are also included (arrows). The 16S rRNA gene of S. enterica Typhimurium LT2 was used as the root. Bootstrap values, indicated in red, show that most nodes are predicted with uncertainty; nevertheless, the genera Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. are not separated in this tree, and the three Escherichia species are also mixed