Figure 8. Treatment with a PAFR antagonist confers protection to mice infected with Influenza A/WSN/33 H1N1.

In (A), WT mice were infected intranasally with 10⁶ PFU and 10⁴ PFU and treated twice a day, from day three to ten post infection, with vehicle or the PAFR antagonist, PCA 4248 (5 mg/kg/dose). Survival was monitored daily and was improved in PCA-treated mice infected with 10⁶ PFU, when compared to vehicle group (A); (* for p = 0.0161; log rank test, n = 8–9). To assess lung responses, mice were treated twice a day, from day three to 5 post infection, with vehicle or the PAFR antagonist, PCA 4248 (5 mg/kg/dose). Total leukocyte (B), mononuclear cell (C), and neutrophils (D) recruitment in the airways, as assessed by counts of BALF recovered cells, are shown in Mock infected and 10⁶ PFU infected, vehicle or PCA treated groups (n = 4–6, each group). Neutrophil recruitment in the lung parenchyma, as assessed by MPO (E) and total protein quantification (F) in BALF (n = 6–8, each group) are also shown. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM. *, ** and *** for p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively, when compared to Mock group; ## for p<0.01 and ### for p<0.001 when compared to vehicle group (one-way ANOVA, Newman-Keuls).