Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics by number of KDOQI guideline goals achieved at hemodialysis initiation
| Baseline Characteristics | Total | Number of Guideline Goals Meta |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| n | 192,307 | 113,605 | 58,949 | 16,641 | 3112 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 64 ± 15 | 63 ± 15 | 65 ± 15 | 65 ± 14 | 65 ± 15 |
| Women, n (%) | 85,228 (44) | 52,509 (46) | 25,129 (43) | 6475 (39) | 1115 (36) |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White | 124,875 (65) | 71,965 (63) | 39,161 (66) | 11,459 (69) | 2290 (74) |
| African American | 57,293 (30) | 35,891 (32) | 16,528 (28) | 4231 (25) | 643 (21) |
| Asian | 7762 (4.0) | 4280 (3.7) | 2562 (4.4) | 762 (4.6) | 158 (5.3) |
| Native American | 2112 (1.2) | 1310 (1.2) | 613 (1.5) | 170 (1.3) | 19 (0.6) |
| Other | 265 (0.1) | 159 (0.1) | 85 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) |
| Cause of ESRD, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes | 89,179 (46) | 53,328 (47) | 27,575 (47) | 7269 (44) | 1007 (32) |
| Hypertension | 54,339 (28) | 30,967 (27) | 17,163 (29) | 5116 (31) | 1093 (35) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 12,203 (6.4) | 6618 (5.8) | 3881 (7) | 1396 (8.4) | 308 (10) |
| Other | 36,586 (19) | 22,692 (20) | 10,330 (18) | 2860 (17) | 704 (23) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |||||
| ASHD | 44,389 (23) | 25,680 (23) | 14,194 (24) | 3823 (23) | 692 (22) |
| CHF | 68,138 (35) | 42,340 (37) | 20,714 (35) | 4489 (27) | 595 (19) |
| PVD | 29,540 (15) | 17,779 (16) | 9097 (15) | 2289 (14) | 375 (12) |
| CVA/TIA | 19,861 (10) | 11,660 (10) | 6317 (11) | 1635 (10) | 249 (8) |
| Functional status | |||||
| ADL help, n (%) | 22,175 (12) | 14,638 (13) | 6325 (11) | 1096 (6.6) | 116 (3.7) |
| Institutionalized, n (%) | 15,655 (8) | 10,617 (9) | 4342 (7) | 637 (3.8) | 59 (1.9) |
| Employed, n (%) | 18,121 (9) | 9892 (9) | 5641 (10) | 2067 (12) | 521 (17) |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 28.6 ± 7.7 | 28.6 ± 7.8 | 28.5 ± 7.6 | 28.7 ± 7.3 | 28.2 ± 6.6 |
| eGFR (mean ± SD) | 10.5 ± 4.9 | 10.4 ± 5.0 | 10.8 ± 4.8 | 10.6 ± 4.3 | 10.5 ± 3.9 |
| Erythropoietin use, n (%) | 56,744 (30) | 26,269 (23) | 20,654 (35) | 8078 (49) | 1743 (56) |
| Predialysis nephrology care, n (%) | |||||
| 0 to 12 months | 66,616 (35) | 35,609 (31) | 22,571 (38) | 7153 (43) | 1283 (41) |
| >12 months | 41,747 (22) | 17,939 (16) | 15,442 (26) | 6759 (41) | 1607 (52) |
| None | 61,542 (32) | 44,861 (40) | 14,831 (25) | 1730 (10) | 120 (3.9) |
| Missing | 22,402 (12) | 15,196 (13) | 6105 (10) | 999 (6.0) | 102 (3.3) |
| Predialysis dietitian care, n (%) | |||||
| 0 to 12 months | 13,327 (6.9) | 6059 (5.3) | 4827 (8.2) | 2026 (12) | 415 (13) |
| >12 months | 4913 (2.6) | 1764 (1.6) | 1842 (3.1) | 1029 (6.2) | 277 (8.9) |
| None | 138,200 (72) | 84,120 (74) | 41,385 (70) | 10,761 (65) | 1934 (62) |
| Missing | 35,867 (19) | 21,661 (19) | 10,895 (19) | 2825 (17) | 486 (16) |
| Hemoglobin (mean ± SD, g/dl) | 10.1 ± 1.7 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 11.7 ± 1.3 | 12.2 ± 0.9 |
| Albumin (mean ± SD, g/dl) | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.3 |
| Access at initiation, n (%) | |||||
| Arteriovenous fistula | 25,394 (13) | NA | 13,425 (23) | 9413 (57) | 2556 (82) |
| Arteriovenous graft | 8462 (4.4) | NA | 5199 (8.8) | 2707 (16) | 556 (18) |
| Catheter | 156,014 (81) | 111,902 (99) | 39,688 (67) | 4424 (27) | NA |
| Other | 2305 (1.2) | 1615 (1.4) | 598 (1.0) | 92 (0.6) | NA |
| Missing | 132 (0.1) | 88 (0.1) | 39 (0.1) | 5 (0) | NA |
| Maturing | 33,312 (17) | 22,190 (19) | 9486 (16) | 1599 (10) | 97 (3.1) |
| Arteriovenous graft maturing | 7747 (4.0) | 4673 (4.1) | 2385 (4.1) | 592 (3.6) | 37 (1.2) |
ADL, activities of daily living; ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; eGFR, estimated GFR in ml/min per 1.73 m2; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NA, not applicable; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
a
All P 0.001 for comparisons between groups.