Table 1.

Synopsis of data obtained in the 4C Study

Cardiovascular monitoring (annual intervals)	Sonography of the intima-media thickness (morphology, B-Mode) and elasticity (function, M-Mode) of the common carotid artery. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Echocardiography, ECG. Ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Optional: Coronary CT (every 2 year).
Clinical and anthropometric measurements
At time of enrollment:	Baseline evaluation (e.g., patient data, renal and extra-renal diagnoses, gestational age, birth weight and length, cardiovascular medical history of patient and family).
At 6-month intervals:	Height, weight, BMI, pubertal stage, current medication.
At 12-month intervals:	Body composition analysis (by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis).
Monitoring of renal function:
At 6-month intervals:	Estimated GFR (plasma Cystatin C clearance), serum creatinine, urinary protein excretion.
Biochemical and biomarker monitoring (blood testing)
At 12-month intervals:	Serum lipid profile, ultrasensitive CRP, uric acid, 1,84-/7,84-PTH, 25-OH-Vit.D3, 1,25-Vit.D3, osteoprotegerin, fetuin-A, homocysteine, ADMA, adiponectin, leptin.
	Biomarkers of oxidative and carbonyl stress.