Table 3.
Changes in Weight, Aerobic Fitness, BP, and Neurocognition
| Variable | Treatment Time | Treatment Group* |
Contrast P† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DASH+WM | DASH-A | Control | DASH+WM vs Control | DASH-A vs Control | ||
| Weight, kg | Before | 93.9 (14.5) | 93.9 (13.2) | 92.8 (15.2) | 0.841 | 0.828 |
| After | 85.0 (13.1) | 93.1 (13.6) | 92.8 (15.2) | <0.0001 | 0.505 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | Before | 33.3 (4.4) | 33.3 (3.9) | 33.2 (4.4) | 0.943 | 0.981 |
| After | 30.0 (4.2) | 32.9 (3.4) | 33.1 (3.9) | <0.0001 | 0.483 | |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg per min | Before | 23.8 (6.6) | 23.5 (6.7) | 23.6 (6.0) | 0.884 | 0.954 |
| After | 29.0 (9.0) | 23.1 (6.7) | 22.5 (5.7) | <0.0001 | 0.482 | |
| SBP, mm Hg | Before | 138.6 (8.1) | 137.5 (8.5) | 138.6 (8.7) | 0.881 | 0.604 |
| After | 125.1 (12.3) | 127.8 (13.9) | 136.2 (15.2) | <0.001 | 0.033 | |
| DBP, mm Hg | Before | 85.4 (7.2) | 87.2 (6.4) | 85.7 (5.9) | 0.907 | 0.375 |
| After | 77.2 (9.1) | 79.5 (8.3) | 82.7 (8.2) | 0.003 | 0.033 | |
| EFML composite | Before | 0.06 (1.02) | −0.20 (1.14) | 0.14 (0.89) | 0.739 | 0.135 |
| After | 0.14 (1.09) | −0.19 (1.11) | 0.05 (0.85) | 0.014 | 0.266 | |
| Psychomotor speed composite | Before | 0.14 (0.95) | −0.21 (1.12) | 0.07 (0.97) | 0.774 | 0.206 |
| After | 0.24 (1.04) | −0.15 (1.05) | −0.07 (1.0) | 0.023 | 0.036 | |
| DSST | Before | 60.2 (8.9) | 54.2 (13.3) | 57.4 (9.7) | 0.225 | 0.184 |
| After | 62.6 (11.2) | 56.9 (12.4) | 57.9 (10.8) | 0.599 | 0.715 | |
| Ruff 2 and 7 | Before | 236.0 (53.7) | 230.8 (46.1) | 243.2 (50.5) | 0.513 | 0.278 |
| After | 250.0 (53.6) | 241.4 (48.4) | 240.2 (51.6) | 0.006 | 0.021 | |
| Trail’s B-A | Before | 44.0 (34.7) | 47.2 (37.0) | 37.6 (27.8) | 0.372 | 0.198 |
| After | 40.3 (30.1) | 45.4 (32.7) | 40.0 (28.4) | 0.026 | 0.696 | |
| VPA | Before | 17.3 (3.2) | 17.0 (3.9) | 17.2 (4.5) | 0.883 | 0.786 |
| After | 18.5 (3.3) | 17.6 (3.5) | 17.5 (4.0) | 0.045 | 0.541 | |
| COWAT | Before | 39.0 (11.7) | 37.8 (11.4) | 38.0 (10.7) | 0.689 | 0.932 |
| After | 40.4 (12.9) | 39.0 (9.9) | 40.3 (10.5) | 0.986 | 0.699 | |
| Animals | Before | 21.2 (5.6) | 20.5 (5.3) | 21.7 (5.5) | 0.650 | 0.357 |
| After | 21.3 (5.5) | 21.2 (6.0) | 21.5 (4.8) | 0.853 | 0.447 | |
| Stroop | Before | −1.4 (8.2) | −4.1 (7.3) | −0.3 (7.7) | 0.515 | 0.031 |
| After | 0.52 (9.3) | −3.3 (7.3) | −2.4 (8.2) | 0.024 | 0.523 | |
| Digit span | Before | 15.0 (3.4) | 14.8 (4.2) | 15.5 (3.3) | 0.536 | 0.389 |
| After | 15.5 (3.7) | 14.8 (3.7) | 16.5 (3.9) | 0.853 | 0.131 | |
COWAT indicates Controlled Oral Word Association Test; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; VPA, verbal paired associates.
*
Data are given as unadjusted mean (SD).
†
Contrasts for pretreatment means compare raw group means. Posttreatment values were compared after adjusting for pretreatment values, age, education, IMT, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, and abdominal adiposity.