Table 3.
Model 1, IRR (n = 50,810) | Model 2, IRR (n = 50,810) | Model 3 (ICU), IRR (n = 11,520) | Model 4 (non-ICU), IRR (n = 39,290) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nurse staffing | ||||
RN Hppd | 0.910*** | 0.984*** | 0.967*** | 0.994 |
LPN Hppd | 1.015 | 1.030** | 1.098** | 1.035** |
NA Hppd | 1.043*** | 1.011* | 0.989 | 1.015* |
Magnet hospital | 0.948*** | 0.947*** | 0.860*** | 0.960** |
Nursing unit type | N/A | |||
ICU | 0.211*** | |||
Stepdown | 0.484*** | 0.471*** | ||
Medical | 0.632*** | 0.627*** | ||
Surgical | 0.397*** | 0.396*** | ||
Med-surg | 0.545*** | 0.544*** | ||
Rehab | Reference | Reference | ||
R2 | 0.030 | 0.049 | 0.008 | 0.019 |
Notes:
p < .001,
p < .01,
p < .05.
Observations are nursing unit months.
Incident rate ratios are from generalized estimating equations models that clustered observations within nursing units.
Models 2, 3, and 4 controlled for the hospital’s 2004 Medicare Case Mix Index, teaching status, bedsize, and ownership, and the nursing unit’s average patient age and sex.
RN, registered nurse; LPN, licensed practical nurse; NA, nursing assistant; Hppd, hours per patient day; ICU, intensive care unit; Med-Surg, medical-surgical; Rehab, rehabilitation.