Table 2.
Comparison of BMD at each site among race/ethnic groups
| US Caucasian | Tobago Afro-Caribbean | African-American | US Hispanic | US Asian | Hong Kong Chinese | South Korean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | (N = 4,074) | (N = 419) | (N = 208) | (N = 116) | (N = 157) | (N = 1,747) | (N = 1,079) |
| Crude mean (SD) | 0.853 (0.130) | 1.026 (0.155) | 0.953 (0.157) | 0.868 (0.127) | 0.822 (0.119) | 0.796 (0.119) | 0.846 (0.117) |
| Age-adjusted mean (SE) | 0.854 (0.002) | 1.023 (0.006) | 0.951 (0.009) | 0.869 (0.012) | 0.824 (0.010) | 0.796 (0.003) | 0.841 (0.004) |
| Pairwise comparison | c | a | b | c | c, d | d | c |
| Adjusted mean (SE)a | 0.820 (0.002) | 1.006 (0.006) | 0.911 (0.008) | 0.846 (0.011) | 0.846 (0.009) | 0.848 (0.003) | 0.898 (0.004) |
| Adjusted mean (SE)b | 0.822 (0.002) | 1.006 (0.006) | 0.912 (0.008) | 0.845 (0.011) | 0.845 (0.009) | 0.845 (0.003) | 0.896 (0.004) |
| Pairwise comparisonb | d | a | b | c, d | c, d | c | b |
| Adjusted mean (SE)c | 0.820 (0.002) | 1.008 (0.006) | 0.917 (0.008) | 0.843 (0.011) | 0.848 (0.010) | 0.849 (0.004) | 0.906 (0.005) |
| Pairwise comparisonc | d | a | b | c, d | c, d | c | b |
| Total hip BMD (g/cm2) | (N = 4,074) | (N = 419) | (N = 208) | (N = 116) | (N = 157) | (N = 1,747) | (N = 1,079) |
| Crude mean (SD) | 1.039 (0.142) | 1.205 (0.160) | 1.119 (0.165) | 1.043 (0.142) | 0.988 (0.118) | 0.962 (0.133) | 0.894 (0.126) |
| Age-adjusted mean (SE) | 1.041 (0.002) | 1.202 (0.007) | 1.116 (0.010) | 1.044 (0.013) | 0.990 (0.011) | 0.963 (0.003) | 0.890 (0.004) |
| Pairwise comparison | c | a | b | c | d | d | e |
| Adjusted mean (SE)a | 0.999 (0.002) | 1.181 (0.006) | 1.068 (0.009) | 1.016 (0.012) | 1.017 (0.010) | 1.026 (0.003) | 0.960 (0.004) |
| Adjusted mean (SE)b | 1.003 (0.002) | 1.183 (0.006) | 1.070 (0.009) | 1.014 (0.012) | 1.015 (0.010) | 1.021 (0.004) | 0.955 (0.004) |
| Pairwise comparisonb | d | a | b | c, d | c, d | c | e |
| Adjusted mean (SE)c | 0.999 (0.002) | 1.185 (0.007) | 1.073 (0.009) | 1.010 (0.012) | 1.017 (0.010) | 1.026 (0.004) | 0.968 (0.005) |
| Pairwise comparisonc | d | a | b | c, d | c, d | c | e |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | (N = 4,068) | (N = 422) | (N = 208) | (N = 116) | (N = 157) | (N = 1,724) | (N = 1,052) |
| Crude mean (SD) | 1.140 (0.190) | 1.231 (0.196) | 1.208 (0.220) | 1.106 (0.193) | 1.107 (0.174) | 1.024 (0.185) | 1.050 (0.192) |
| Age-adjusted mean (SE) | 1.139 (0.003) | 1.232 (0.009) | 1.209 (0.013) | 1.106 (0.018) | 1.107 (0.015) | 1.024 (0.005) | 1.051 (0.006) |
| Pairwise comparison | b | a | a | b | b | c | d |
| Adjusted mean (SE)a | 1.104 (0.003) | 1.213 (0.009) | 1.167 (0.013) | 1.082 (0.017) | 1.131 (0.015) | 1.080 (0.005) | 1.113 (0.006) |
| Adjusted mean (SE)b | 1.101 (0.003) | 1.212 (0.009) | 1.166 (0.013) | 1.083 (0.017) | 1.133 (0.015) | 1.084 (0.005) | 1.117 (0.006) |
| Pairwise comparisonb | c, d | a | b | c, d | b, c | d | c |
| Adjusted mean (SE)c | 1.099 (0.004) | 1.209 (0.009) | 1.167 (0.013) | 1.080 (0.017) | 1.134 (0.015) | 1.090 (0.006) | 1.125 (0.008) |
| Pairwise comparisonc | c, d | a | a, b | c, d | b, c, d | d | b, c |
a, b, c, d, e = These lowercase letters show the results of pairwise comparison by Tukey’s test: If a pair does not share any footnote, both groups are significantly different in BMD (p < 0.05)
aAdjusted for age and weight
bAdjusted for age, weight, and height
cAdjusted for age, weight, height, smoking, drinking, walking, dietary calcium intake, and self-reported health