Table 1.

NTIES organizational, service and client characteristics.

Variables^a	African American (AA, n = 1812)				Latino (n = 486)				White n = 844)				P-value^b
	N	%	Mean	SD	N	%	Mean	SD	N	%	Mean	SD	A A-White	Latino–White
Organizational characteristics
Accreditation/JCAHO	32	1.8			95	19.5			69	8.2			0.2384	<.001
Missing	1072	59.2			201	41.4			272	32.2
Treatment modality													0.099	<.001
Methadone	194	10.7			99	20.4			117	13.9
Non-methadone outpatient	708	39.1			195	40.1			297	35.2
Short-term residential	435	24.0			110	22.6			253	30.0
Long-term residential	475	26.2			82	16.9			177	21.0
Ownership													0.2899	<.001
Private	1362	75.2			269	55.3			659	78.1
Public	174	9.6			203	41.8			143	16.9
Missing	276	15.2			14	2.9			42	5.0
Onsite services
Academic training	743	41.0			219	45.1			361	42.8			0.4458	0.7851
Missing	260	14.3			10	2.1			30	3.6
Vocational training	195	10.8			117	24.1			315	37.3			0.0055	<.001
Missing	260	14.3			10	2.1			30	3.6
Medical service	758	41.8			183	37.7			339	40.2			0.1782	0.2884
Missing	260	14.3			10	2.1			30	3.6
Psychiatric service	863	47.6			203	41.8			449	53.2			0.4887	<.001
Missing	260	14.3			10	2.1			30	3.6
Pregnancy service	782	43.2			159	32.7			510	60.4			0.0489	<.001
Missing	260	14.3			10	2.1			30	3.6
Available onsite services			2.15	1.21			1.85	1.18			2.43	1.5	0.0456	<.001
Frequency counseling													0.2493	0.0292
Less than once a week	234	12.9			81	16.7			53	6.3
Once a week	935	51.6			286	58.8			577	68.4
More than once a week	383	21.1			109	22.4			184	21.8
Missing	260	14.3			10	2.1			30	3.6
Client characteristics
Gender													<.001	<.001
Male	1078	59.5			339	69.8			602	71.3
Female	734	40.5			147	30.2			242	28.7
Age													<.001	0.0395
20 or younger	90	5.0			111	22.8			139	16.5
21–30	573	31.6			144	29.6			278	32.9
31–40	819	45.2			167	34.4			282	33.4
41 or older	330	18.2			64	13.2			145	17.2
Graduate high school	899	49.6			170	35.0			459	54.4			0.0068	<.001
Worked full time	1242	68.5			276	56.8			587	69.5			0.2684	0.0008
Missing	223	12.3			102	21.0			120	14.2
Live with minor child or pregnant	774	42.7			202	41.6			261	30.9			<.001	<.001
Health limited work	595	32.8			177	36.4			266	31.5			0.6704	0.0952
Ever beaten by spouse/partner	419	23.1			76	15.6			171	20.3			0.5168	0.1281
Missing	60	3.3			66	13.6			81	9.6
Prior drug/alcohol treatment	1115	61.5			227	46.7			596	70.6			<.001	<.001
Payment source
Private ins/self/family	389	21.5			125	25.7			273	32.3			<.001	0.0481
Missing	65	3.6			19	3.9			22	2.6
Government	1163	64.2			293	60.3			520	61.6			<.001	0.6101
Missing	65	3.6			19	3.9			22	2.6
Uninsured	130	7.2			57	11.7			52	6.2			0.2964	<.001
Missing	65	3.6			19	3.9			22	2.6
Pre-treatment mental visit			0.29	0.84			0.21	0.71			0.42	0.98	0.0008	0.0002
Pre-treatment drug use			15.88	18.25			16.79	17.69			14.13	16.62	0.0423	0.0150
Service variables
Service access	781	43.1			253	52.1			334	39.6			0.1437	<.001
Substance abuse counseling	1606	88.6			370	76.1			681	80.7			<.001	0.0568
Family counseling	1103	60.9			299	61.5			560	66.4			0.0234	0.1458
Health counseling	1811	99.94			486	100			844	100			0.7084	0.9642
Mental health counseling	348	19.2			141	29.0			304	36.0			<.001	0.0052
Concrete service	732	40.4			227	46.7			384	45.5			0.002	0.7037
Need-service ratio			0.34	0.29			0.35	0.28			0.42	0.31	<.001	0.0005
Ourcome variables
Service duration			14.60	14.14			14.62	14.35			18.84	15.94	<.001	<.001
Post-treatment drug use			8.26	13.63			9.34	14.82			6.67	11.48	0.0107	0.0013
Prior minus post-drug use			7.58	19.91			7.45	19.18			7.44	17.53	0.9541	0.9174

Summary statistics are shown in mean and SD for continuous variables or N and % for categorical variables.

p-Values are obtained from linear regression for continuous variables or logistic regression for categorical variables, using multiple imputed datasets. Bonfernnoi correction is used for the significance level due to multiple comparisons. There are 33 independent tests, so p-values < 0.001 are considered to be significant.