TABLE 6.

Summary of a study evaluating myofeedback training for chronic whiplash-associated disorder

Reference, year, country, score	Population and methods	Outcome measures	Results
Voerman et al (31), 2006, The Netherlands, no score	Case series. 11 patients with whiplash-associated disorder symptoms persisting for at least 6 months after the injury received ambulatory myofeedback training, with feedback provided when muscle relaxation was insufficient. The intervention lasted 4 weeks, with participants required to wear the feedback device for at least 2 h per day, 2 days per week and 8 h per week during occupational activities and activities of daily living	Pain in the neck, shoulders and upper back (visual analogue scale) disability (Neck Disability Index) and muscle activation patterns during rest, typing and stress tests (surface electromyography) were assessed at baseline and following 4 weeks of training	Compared with preintervention scores, pain intensity was decreased to a clinically relevant degree in the neck and upper back region for 55% of patients, the right shoulder for 64% of patients and the left shoulder for 18% of patients. Although changes in median disability scores were nonsignificant, there was a trend toward decreased disability