Table 1.
Study | Outcome (Source) | Primary Age Range/Ethnicity/SES | EK Measure | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arsenio, Cooperman, & Lover (2000) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/Mixed/Mixed | Denham | |
Ext (Combo) | ||||
Blair, Budhani, Colledge, & Scott (2005) | Ext (Teacher) | 9-15/Majority/NR | Other | |
Blair, Granger, & Razza (2005) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/NR/Low | Other | |
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Boyatzis & Satyaprasad (1994) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/Majority/Middle | Other | |
Cadesky, Mota, & Schachar (2000) | Ext (DSM) | 6-11/NR/Mixed | Nowicki | |
Camras, Grow, & Ribordy (1983) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/NR/Low | Ekman | |
Carlo, Knight, Eisenberg, & Rotenberg (1991) | SC (Observer) | 6-11/NR/Middle | Other | |
Cassidy, Parke, Butkovsky, & Braungart (1992) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/ Majority/Middle | Other | |
Cassidy, Werner, Rourke, Zubernis, & Balaraman (2003) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Mixed | Denham | |
Cole, Usher, & Cargo (1993) | Ext (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Nowicki | |
Collins & Nowicki (2001) | SC (Combo) | 6-11/Minority/Mixed | Nowicki | |
Cooley & Triemer (2002) | Clinical Group | SC (Teacher) | 6-11/Minority/NR | Nowicki |
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Cooley & Triemer (2002) | Normative Group | SC (Teacher) | 6-11/Minority/NR | Nowicki |
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Cortes (2002) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/Minority/Low | Other | |
Ext (Combo) | ||||
Custrini & Feldman (1989) | SC (Parent) | 6-11/NR/NR | Other | |
Denham (1986) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/NR/Mixed | Denham | |
Denham et al. (2003) a | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Denham | |
Int (Teacher) | ||||
Ext (Combo) | ||||
Denham & Couchoud (1991) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/NR/Mixed | Denham | |
Denham, McKinley, Couchoud, & Holt (1990) | SC (Peer) | 3-5/NR/NR | Denham | |
Denham, Renwick-DeBardi, & Hewes (1994) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Denham | |
Dodge, Laird, Lochman, Zelli, & CPPRG (2002) | Ext (Combo) | 6-11/Mixed/Mixed | Other | |
Dunn & Cutting (1999) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/ Majority/Mixed | Denham | |
Dunsmore & Karn (2004) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Denham | |
Dunsmore, Noguchi, Casey, Cook, & Bhullar (2007) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Denham | |
Ebanks (2002) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/ Majority/Mixed | Other | |
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Edwards, Manstead, & MacDonald (1984) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/NR/Mixed | Combo | |
Egan, Brown, Goonan, Goonan, & Celano (1998) | Int (Parent) | 6-11/Minority/Low | Other | |
Ext (Parent) | ||||
Garner & Estep (2001) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Other | |
Ext (Observer) | ||||
Garner, Jones, & Palmer (1994) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Other | |
Garner & Lemerise (2007) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/Minority/Mixed | Other | |
Int (Teacher) | ||||
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Glanville & Nowicki (2002) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/Mixed/Middle | Nowicki | |
Goldman, Corsini, & DeUrioste (1980) | SC (Peer) | 3-5/NR/Middle | Ekman | |
Gottman, Gonso, & Rasmussen (1975) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/NR/Mixed | Izard | |
Gouley, Brotman, et al. (2007) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/Minority/Low | Combo | |
Int (Combo) | ||||
Ext (Combo) | ||||
Greener (1998) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/ Majority/Mixed | Nowicki | |
Izard (1971) | Typical Preschool | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/NR/NR | Izard |
Izard (1971) | Head Start | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/NR/Low | Izard |
Izard (1971) | School-Age | SC (Teacher) | 6-11/NR/Mixed | Izard |
Izard et al. (2001) b | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/Minority/Low | Combo | |
Int (Combo) | ||||
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Klemchuck (1985) | Int (Parent) | 3-5/NR/Mixed | Combo | |
Ext (Parent) | ||||
Krantz (1982) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/NR/Middle | Borke | |
Lenti, Giacobbe, & Pegna (2000) | Int (DSM) | 12-18/NR/NR | Ekman | |
Leppanen & Hietanen (2001) | SC (Combo) | 6-11/ Majority/Mixed | Combo | |
Lewis (1995) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/Minority/Mixed | Denham | |
Lindsey & Mize (2000) c | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Denham | |
Lupinetti (2000) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/NR/Mixed | Denham | |
MacQuiddy, Maise, & Hamilton (1987) | Ext (Parent) | 6-11/NR/Mixed | Other | |
Manassis & Young (2000) | Int (DSM) | 6-11/NR/Middle | Nowicki | |
Manstead & Edwards (1992) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/NR/NR | Combo | |
Martin, Armstrong, Boekamp, & Wheeler (2005) | Int (Parent) | 3-5/ Majority/NR | Combo | |
Ext (Parent) | ||||
McClure & Nowicki (2001) | Int (Self) | 6-11/ Majority/NR | Nowicki | |
McClure, Pope, Hoberman, Pine, & Liebenluft (2003) d | Int (DSM) | 9-15/NR/NR | Nowicki | |
McCown, Johnson, & Austin (1986) | Ext (Placement) | 12-18/Mixed/NR | Ekman | |
McElwain & Volling (2002) | SC (Observer) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Denham | |
Miller et al. (2005) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/Minority/Low | Other | |
Miller et al. (2006) e | SC (Combo) | 3-5/Mixed/Low | Combo | |
Int (Teacher) | ||||
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Miller, Seifer, Stroud, Sheinkopf, & Dickstein (2007) | Int (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Low | Combo | |
Ext (Combo) | ||||
Mitchell (1995) | SC (Peer) | 3-5/NR/NR | Nowicki | |
Mostow, Izard, Fine, & Trentacosta (2002) | SC (Combo) | 6-11/ Majority/Mixed | Izard | |
Nowicki & Duke (1992) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/ Majority/Mixed | Nowicki | |
Pears (1999) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Mixed | Denham | |
Peery (1979) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Borke | |
Philippot & Feldman (1990) | SC (Parent) | 3-5/NR/NR | Other | |
Rodemaker (1999) | SC (Teacher) | 9-15/ Majority/NR | Nowicki | |
Int (Teacher) | ||||
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Rothman & Nowicki (2004) | SC (Teacher) | 6-11/NR/NR | Nowicki | |
Rubin & Maioni (1975) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/ Majority/Mixed | Borke | |
Schmitt (1999) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/Mixed/Mixed | Denham | |
Ext (Observer) | ||||
Schultz, Izard, & Bear (2004) f | SC (Peer) | 6-11/ Majority/Middle | Izard | |
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Simon (1999) | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/ Majority/Low | Denham | |
Ext (Teacher) | ||||
Simonian, Beidel, Turner, Berkes, & Long (2001) | Int (DSM) | 9-15/NR/NR | Ekman | |
Slomkowski & Dunn (1996) g | SC (Observer) | 3-5/NR/Mixed | Denham | |
Smith (2001) | SC (Combo) | 3-5/Minority/Mixed | Other | |
Int (Teacher) | ||||
Ext (Peer) | ||||
Smith & Walden (2001) | Ext (Teacher) | 3-5/Minority/Mixed | Other | |
Speltz, DeKlyen, Calderon, Greenberg, & Fisher (1999) | Ext (DSM) | 3-5/ Majority/Mixed | Other | |
Spence (1987) | SC (Peer) | 3-5/ Majority/Middle | Combo | |
Stevens, Charman, & Blair (2001) | Ext (Teacher) | 9-15/NR/NR | Nowicki | |
Trentacosta & Izard (2007) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/Minority/Low | Izard | |
Vosk, Forehand, & Figueroa (1983) | SC (Peer) | 6-11/NR/NR | Other | |
Walden & Field (1990) | SC (Peer) | 3-5/NR/Middle | Other | |
Walker (1981) | Int (DSM) | 9-15/NR/NR | Izard | |
Ext (DSM) | ||||
Zabel (1979) | Ext (Placement) | 9-15/NR/NR | Ekman | |
Zuckerman & Przewuzman (1979) | Study 1 | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/NR/Middle | Other |
Zuckerman & Przewuzman (1979) | Study 2 | SC (Teacher) | 3-5/NR/Middle | Combo |
Int (Teacher) | ||||
Ext (Teacher) |
Note. SES = Socioeconomic Status; SC = Social Competence; Int = Internalizing Problems; Ext = Externalizing Problems; NR = Not Reported; Denham = Denham (1986) Puppet Interview; Ekman = Ekman & Friesen (1975) facial stimuli; Izard = measures based on Izard and colleagues’ stimuli; Nowicki = DANVA or DANVA-2 measures; Borke = Borke’s (1971) vignettes.
Also includes the following reports using an overlapping sample: Denham, Caverly et al. (2002); Denham, Blair, Schmidt, & DeMulder (2002); and Sawyer et al. (2002).
Also includes the following reports using an overlapping sample: Fine, Izard, Mostow, Trentacosta, & Ackerman (2003); Schultz, Izard, Ackerman, & Youngstrom (2001).
Also includes the following reports using the same sample: Lindsey & Colwell (2003).
Also includes the following reports using an overlapping sample: Easter et al. (2005).
Also includes the following reports using an overlapping sample: Miller, Gouley, Dickstein, & Seifer (2007).
Also includes the following reports using an overlapping sample: Schultz, Buckingham, Izard, & Bear (2007).
Also includes the following reports using an overlapping sample: Maguire & Dunn (1997).