TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of subjects
| Characteristic | Cases(n = 699) | Controls(n = 705) | Controls HDL < 40 (n = 270) | Controls HDL ≥ 40 (n = 435) | Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.29 ± 7.2 | 58.67 ± 8.82 | 58.8 ± 8.7 | 58.59 ± 8.9 | <0.0001 |
| Age category (years) | <0.0001 | ||||
| ≤50 | 41 (5.87) | 132 (18.72) | 45 (16.67) | 87 (20.00) | |
| 51–60 | 133 (19.03) | 294 (41.7) | 121 (44.81) | 173 (39.77) | |
| 61–70 | 375 (53.65) | 201 (28.51) | 73 (27.04) | 128 (29.43) | |
| Over 70 | 150 (21.46) | 78 (11.06) | 31 (11.48) | 47 (10.80) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.28 ± 4.56 | 28.47 ± 4.3 | 29.6 ± 4.4 | 27.77 ± 4.09 | 0.0006 |
| Alcohol (>1 drink/day) | 44 (6.29) | 49 (7.05) | 4 (1.5) | 45 (10.51) | 0.5718 |
| Current smoker | 123 (17.6) | 99 (14.06) | 42 (15.61) | 57 (13.1) | 0.0697 |
| Diabetic | 190 (27.18) | 54 (7.66) | 29 (10.74) | 25 (5.75) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertensive | 636 (90.99) | 290 (41.19) | 125 (46.47) | 165 (37.93) | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol | |||||
| Total (mg/dl) | 178.75 ± 24.37 | 201.56 ± 34.2 | 196.4 ± 34.87 | 204.77 ± 33.42 | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 114.45 ± 22.36 | 130.11 ± 30.7 | 128.29 ± 30.62 | 131.21 ± 30.73 | <0.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 31.64 ± 4.99 | 44.29 ± 11.96 | 33.03 ± 4.63 | 51.27 ± 9.54 | <0.0001 |
| HDL < 40 | 270 (38.3) | –b | |||
| HDL ≥ 40 | 435 (61.7) | –b | |||
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 163.94 ± 63.86 | 140.97 ± 101.46 | 186.06 ± 130.52 | 112.99 ± 63.95 | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 131.95 ± 18.48 | 130.28 ± 16.88 | 130.78 ± 16.61 | 129.97 ± 17.06 | 0.0782 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 76.64 ± 9.82 | 77.97 ± 8.96 | 78.69 ± 8.82 | 77.52 ± 9.03 | 0.008 |
| Drug therapy | |||||
| Diabetes medication | 114 (16.31) | 28 (3.97) | 18 (6.67) | 10 (2.3) | <0.0001 |
| Antihypertensive | 570 (81.55) | 180 (25.53) | 81 (30) | 99 (22.76) | <0.0001 |
Values are either mean ± SD or n (%).
a
A two sample t-test was used to obtain the P value for continuous variables, and a chi-square test was used to obtain significance for categorical variables to compare cases (n = 699) to all controls (n = 705).
b
Cannot perform test due to missing information.