Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population

	Caries-free (n = 41)	Caries (n = 39)	Caries-positive, %	p value
Mean age ± SEM, years	4.3 ± 0.2	4.1 ± 0.2		0.536a
Gender
Male	26	23	47
Female	15	16	52	0.684b
Race
White	18	9	33
Black	11	13	54
Asian	10	10	50
Other/mixed	2	7	78	0.117b
Ethnicity
Hispanic	13	11	46
Non-Hispanic	28	28	50	0.733b
Caries, percent surfaces affected
Intact surface	100	66
White or opaque patches	0	7
Enamel cavity	0	5
Cavity into dentine	0	12
Pulpal exposure	0	9
Mean plaque index ± SEM	0.65 ± 0.01	1.58 ± 0.01		<0.001a
Mean gingival index ± SEM	0.26 ± 0.01	1.96 ± 0.02		<0.001a
Mean bleeding index ± SEM	0.00 ± 0.00	0.57 ± 0.01		<0.001a

SEM = Standard error of the mean.

^aStudent's t test.

^bχ² test.