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. 2009 Aug 12;64(9):821–828. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.086926

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Differences in levels of cardiovascular disease biomarkers by education in Costa Rica (Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Ageing Study (CRELES)) and the USA (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)), men and women, age>=60. Education differences plotted are beta estimates from regression models comparing the middle and highest categories of education with the lowest category, controlling for age and age-squared. Bar widths are proportional to the relative size of the population in each category of education. Statistically significant ORs (p<0.05) are shaded (black if level is associated with lower risk of CVD, grey if level is associated with a higher risk of CVD).

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