Fig. 4.

Host microtubules associate with the moving junction of early, but not late, invading parasites. GFP-tubulin cells were infected with tRFP⁺ parasites for 2 or 4 min and then fixed and analyzed by confocal microscopy. 3D reconstructions were used to determine how often and where (relative to the moving junction) host microtubules were associated with invading parasites. Means and standard deviations from three independent experiments counting 15 randomly selected invading parasites for each sample are shown (*, P < 0.005 [Student t test]).