TABLE 2.
Numbers and proportions of circulating Treg cells and dendritic cells in study participants
| Characteristic | Value for groupf |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noninfected controls | P. vivax infections | P. falciparum infections | Mixed-species infections | ||
| No. of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells (106 liter−1) | 10.4 (6.6-16.9) | 3.7 (1.6-5.8) | 4.4 (2.8-6.8) | 5.0 (2.6-9.4) | <0.0001a |
| % CD25+ Foxp3+ cells among CD4+ cells | 1.9 (1.4-2.3) | 2.0 (1.6-5.8) | 2.6 (2.2-4.2) | 2.5 (1.8-3.1) | 0.064 |
| No. of CTLA-4+ Treg cells (103 liter−1) | 200 (70-230) | 350 (70-1,010) | 430 (230-1,200) | 870 (440-1,280) | <0.0001a |
| % CTLA-4+ cells among Treg cells | 1.8 (0.4-2.6) | 12.3 (4.1-33.8) | 13.1 (3.9-14.5) | 15.7 (13.6-20.6) | <0.0001a |
| % CTLA-4+ cells among CD4+ T cells | 0.4 (0.2-0.5) | 1.1 (0.4-1.3) | 1.7 (0.9-2.7) | 2.1 (0.9-3.2) | <0.0001a |
| % CTLA-4+ cells among CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3− cells | 2.8 (2.2-3.3) | 2.8 (1.4-3.5) | 6.5 (3.2-7.4) | 7.1 (4.8-9.2) | <0.0001b |
| No. of DCs (106 liter−1) | 31.7 (20.6-44.1) | 13.8 (7.9-24.5) | 17.6 (8.8-29.1) | 22.3 (14.0-31.9) | 0.001c |
| % DCs among PBMCs | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 1.2 (0.9-1.4) | 0.459 |
| No. of myeloid (CD11c+) DCs (106 liter−1) | 17.2 (10.8-21.9) | 6.8 (2.9-12.5) | 6.7 (4.8-15.3) | 11.7 (5.3-16.1) | 0.005d |
| % CD11c+ DCs among total DCs | 50.8 (43.6-56.9) | 50.6 (31.1-61.1) | 44.8 (31.1-62.7) | 47.9 (34.4-62.7) | 0.865 |
| No. of plasmacytoid (CD123+) DCs (106 liter−1) | 2.0 (1.3-3.8) | 2.6 (1.2-5.3) | 1.9 (0.8-4.5) | 4.9 (2.4-7.3) | 0.135 |
| % CD123+ DCs among total DCs | 8.5 (4.0-11.2) | 24.5 (14.3-35.5) | 15.9 (4.0-31.1) | 21.4 (15.7-33.3) | <0.0001a |
| Myeloid/plasmacytoid DC ratio | 5.5 (4.3-16.4) | 1.8 (1.2-4.4) | 3.5 (1.3-10.9) | 2.2 (0.9-4.3) | 0.001e |
| No. of subjects | 17 | 39 | 14 | 14 | |
Significant difference between noninfected controls and all groups of patients but not between groups of patients.
Significant differences between P. falciparum-infected patients and noninfected controls(P < 0.05), between mixed-species-infected patients and noninfected controls (P < 0.01), between P. falciparum-infected patients and P. vivax-infected patients (P < 0.001), and between mixed-species-infected patients and P. vivax-infected patients (P <0.001).
Significant differences between P. vivax-infected patients and noninfected controls (P < 0.001) and between P. falciparum-infected patients and noninfected controls (P <0.05).
Significant differences between noninfected controls and all groups of patients (P < 0.001), between P. vivax-infected and mixed-infection patients (P < 0.001), and between P. falciparum-infected and mixed-infection patients (P < 0.01).
Significant differences between P. vivax-infected patients and noninfected controls (P < 0.001) and between mixed-infection patients and noninfected controls (P < 0.01).
Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges) and were compared across four groups with Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results of post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison tests are indicated in the other footnotes.