SIRC cells and primary rabbit macrophages are rendered permissive to R5 HIV-1 viruses by coexpression of human CD4 and CCR5. (A) FACS dot plots of parental SIRC cells and a SIRC clone, stably expressing the HIV receptor complex (SIRC hCD4/hCCR5). (B) Coreceptor-specific and entry inhibitor-sensitive R5 HIV-1 infection of SIRC hCD4/hCCR5 cells. Parental SIRC and SIRC hCD4/hCCR5 cells were challenged with the indicated HIV-1 or HIV-1 (H/SCA) GFP vectors pseudotyped with either VSV-G, an R5 (JR-FL) Env, or X4 (NL4-3) Env. Where indicated, cells were pretreated with the entry inhibitor maraviroc or AMD3100 or the fusion inhibitor T20. The percentage of infected (GFP-positive) cells was determined 2 days postchallenge. Shown are arithmetic means ± standard deviations (SD). (C) FACS dot plots of hCD4 and hCCR5 expression on rabbit macrophages, which had been transfected with corresponding expression constructs. The FACS gate indicates the receptor-positive cell population. (D) Microscopic images of transfected macrophages from panel C, which were subsequently challenged with JR-FL Env-pseudotyped HIV-1 or HIV-1 (H/SCA) GFP vectors. (E) Percentages of infected (GFP-positive) rabbit macrophages from panel D as determined by flow cytometry 3 days postinfection.