FIG. 9.

ATR and ATRIP are required for efficient HSV-1 replication and IE gene expression. HFF-1 cells were infected twice with lentiviruses expressing either shGFP or shATRIP2. (A) Knockdown was determined by Western blotting with rATRIP Upstate and ATR N19. Chk1 served as a loading control. (B) Knockdown of ATRIP was also assessed by immunofluorescence staining with rATRIP Upstate and Topro3. (C) Knockdown cells were infected with HSV-1 at an MOI of 0.1 and harvested at the indicated times postinfection. Western blotting were performed for representative immediate-early (ICP4) and early (ICP8) genes. Actin served as a loading control. (D) Knockdown cells were infected with HSV-1 at the indicated MOI. Progeny virus was collected at 12 h postinfection, and titers were determined on Vero cells. The values represent the averages from four independent experiments, and the error bars represent the standard errors of the means.