Fig. 4.

Microscopic examination for the impact of hydrodynamic injection on rat liver. Micrographs a and b show the liver structure from a control and hydrodynamically treated rat under a light microscope. Micrograph c shows the TEM of liver sinusoid (S) with endothelia lining (E) and hepatocyte (H) with microvilla (MV) facing the lumen. Micrograph d shows enlarged fenestrae (EF with arrow) and intracellular vesicles (v) near (arrow) and inside the hepatocytes after hydrodynamic treatment. Micrograph e shows sinusoidal structure of the control liver without hydrodynamic injection (F fenestrae). Micrograph f shows the enlarged fenestrae (EF) in the sinusoid of the liver which has undergone hydrodynamic injection. Hydrodynamic treatment involves injection of volume equal to 7.5% BW in 7–10 s. Liver perfusion with fixative was performed 5 min after the injection. Liver sections were prepared and examined according to procedure described in “MATERIALS AND METHODS” section. Magnification, ×100 for a and b; ×10,000 for c, d, e, and f