TABLE 4.
Regression Analysis of the Influence of Pretrafficking Trauma, Trafficking Trauma, and Duration Exposures on Mental Health Symptoms Among Trafficked and Sexually Exploited Girls and Women (n = 204): Posttrafficking Care Sites in 7 European Countries, 2004–2005
| Participants With High Levels of Mental Health Symptoms |
|||
| Variables | Depression, AOR (95% CI) | Anxiety, AOR (95% CI) | PTSD, AOR (95% CI) |
| Sexual violence | NA | 3.35 (0.62, 18.16) | 5.63* (1.25, 25.42) |
| Physical violence (hit or kicked) | NA | NA | NA |
| Physical violence (weapon used; threatened with weapon) | NA | NA | NA |
| Threats against participant | NA | NA | 2.95* (0.80, 10.87) |
| Threats against participant's family or loved ones | 0.60 (0.29, 1.18) | NA | NA |
| Restricted freedom of movement | 1.90 (0.84, 4.33) | 2.33* (1.01, 5.38) | NA |
| Serious injury | 1.69 (0.85, 3.39) | 1.70 (0.90, 3.25) | 1.80* (0.84, 4.10) |
| ≥6 mo spent in trafficking situation | 2.23* (1.10, 4.53) | 2.22* (1.11, 4.46) | NA |
| ≥3 mo since escaping trafficking situation | 0.40* (0.20, 0.80) | 0.39* (0.20, 0.80) | NA |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; NA = not applicable. Multivariate analysis was conducted for all trafficking-related violence listed in the table and was controlled for pretrafficking physical and sexual violence. Only factors having a positive effect on the model fit P value (P < .2) and overall goodness of fit (P < .05) were included. Participants were determined to have high levels of mental health symptoms on the basis of their responses to the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscales for depression and anxiety and to the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) for PTSD. Cutpoints for determining high levels of each symptom were as follows: depression BSI score ≥ 1.87; anxiety BSI score ≥ 1.71; PTSD HTQ score ≥ 2.0. The 7 posttrafficking care sites were located in Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, Moldova, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.
*P < .05.