TABLE 4.
Factors Associated With Depression Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Seeking VA Health Care, by Gender: April 2002–March 2008
| Women, RR (95% CI) | Men, RR (95% CI) | |
| Age, y | ||
| 16–24 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–29 | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) | 1.04* (1.02, 1.07) |
| 30–39 | 1.28* (1.22, 1.35) | 1.13* (1.10, 1.16) |
| 40–71 | 1.23* (1.16, 1.31) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 0.87* (0.84, 0.92) | 0.91* (0.89, 0.93) |
| Hispanic | 0.94 (0.87, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) |
| Other | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.86* (0.82, 0.91) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Never married | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) | 0.90* (0.88, 0.92) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.19* (1.14, 1.26) | 1.25* (1.22, 1.28) |
| Component type | ||
| Active duty (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Reserve/National Guard | 0.83* (0.79, 0.86) | 0.79* (0.77, 0.80) |
| Branch of service | ||
| Army (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Marine | 0.83* (0.75, 0.92) | 0.83* (0.81, 0.86) |
| Navy | 0.79* (0.75, 0.84) | 0.65* (0.63, 0.67) |
| Air Force | 0.75* (0.71, 0.79) | 0.55* (0.53, 0.57) |
| Rank | ||
| Enlisted (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Officer | 0.68* (0.62, 0.74) | 0.53* (0.51, 0.56) |
| No. of deployments | ||
| 1 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| > 1 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; RR = relative risk; VA = Department of Veterans Affairs. The sample size was n = 329 049.
*
P < .001.