TABLE 4.

Utilization of Health Services by Homeless Veterans in the HOPC Clinic and GIM Clinic, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI

	HOPC (Intervention; n = 79)			GIM (Control; n = 98)			HOPC Versus GIM (Second 6 Months), P
	First 6 Months	Second 6 Months	P	First 6 Months	Second 6 Months	P
Primary care: no. of visits/person, mean (SD)	5.96 (4.13)	2.01 (3.56)	< .01	1.63 (1.26)	1.31 (1.17)	.1	.05
Emergency department (ED)
No. of visits/person, mean (SD)	1.62 (2.53)	1.07 (2.35)	.06	1.21 (1.91)	0.75 (1.17)	.05	.27
No. of nonemergency visits/person, mean (SD)	0.38 (1.13)	0.20 (0.60)	.22	0.42 (1.00)	0.29 (0.59)	.26	.29
No. of substance abuse–related visits/person, mean (SD)	0.46 (1.15)	0.43 (1.74)	< .99	0.21 (0.64)	0.11 (0.42)	.13	.06
Accessing ED, %	55.3	36.8	< .01	44.2	41.1	.53	.57
Accessing ED nonemergency care, %	22.4	13.2	.02	24.2	22.1	.62	.13
ED visits that were nonemergency, % (proportion)	23.6 (29/123)	18.5 (18/81)	.39	34.8 (40/115)	38.6 (27/70)	.29	< .01
Hospitalization
No. of admissions/person, mean (SD)	0.46 (0.85)	0.47 (1.21)	.94	0.30 (0.72)	0.15 (0.48)	.11	.02
Admissions not related to drug or alcohol use or mental health, % (proportion)	28.6 (10/35)	10.8 (4/37)	< .01	48.2 (14/29)	44.4 (8/18)	.6	< .01

Note. GIM = general internal medicine; HOPC = Homeless-Oriented Primary Care. Data are from 2006–2007 (HOPC) and 2004–2006 (GIM).