Table 1.
Associations between specific phobia at baseline and incidence of mental disorders at follow-up
| Mental disorder | N at riska | Incidence at follow-up | Unadjusted odds ratio OR (95% CI) | Odds ratio adjusted for all mental disorders at baseline OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women without specific phobia % (n) | Women with specific phobia % (n) | ||||
| Any other anxiety disorder | 1,245 | 9.0 (100) | 15.1 (19) | 1.81* (1.07–3.07) | 1.74* (1.02–2.99) |
| Panic/agoraphobia | 1,458 | 2.7 (35) | 4.6 (8) | 1.72 (0.78–3.77) | 1.33 (0.60–2.98) |
| Social phobia | 1,354 | 5.2 (63) | 7.7 (11) | 1.52 (0.78–2.95) | 1.52 (0.77–2.98) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1,501 | 2.1 (28) | 6.6 (12) | 3.28** (1.64–6.57) | 2.67** (1.30–5.47) |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 1,518 | 0.8 (11) | 2.2 (4) | 2.64 (0.83–8.38) | 2.19 (0.67–7.19) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 1,492 | 0.2 (3) | 1.1 (2) | 4.87 (0.81–29.35) | 3.84 (0.60–24.73) |
| Any affective disorder | 1,341 | 7.0 (83) | 10.5 (16) | 1.57 (0.89–2.76) | 1.24 (0.69–2.22) |
| Major depression | 1,375 | 6.1 (74) | 11.4 (18) | 1.99* (1.15–3.42) | 1.56 (0.89–2.74) |
| Dysthymia | 1,512 | 0.1 (1) | 0 (0) | n.e. | n.e. |
| Bipolar I disorder | 1,528 | 0.4 (6) | 0 (0) | n.e. | n.e. |
| Bipolar II disorder | 1,537 | 0.4 (5) | 0 (0) | n.e. | n.e. |
| Any substance use disorder | 1,509 | 1.3 (17) | 1.6 (3) | 1.29 (0.38–4.45) | 0.91 (0.26–3.21) |
| Any eating disorder | 1,477 | 1.0 (13) | 1.7 (3) | 1.67 (0.47–5.93) | 1.27 (0.35–4.64) |
| Any somatoform disorder | 1,494 | 1.8 (24) | 5.0 (9) | 2.83** (1.29–6.19) | 2.64* (1.18–5.93) |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, n.e. not estimable because of empty cells
aFor example, 1,245 participants without any other anxiety disorder at baseline were included in the prospective analysis
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01