Table 1.
Maize grain composition
| Analyte | Category | Sample Size | Units | Meana) | Median | Rangeb) | Certainty of Range Containing ≥99% Coverage | 99% Coverage 95% Certainty Tolerance Intervalb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ash | proximates | 1410 | % DW | 1.44 | 1.41 | 0.616–6.280 | 99.999%% | 0.834–4.489 |
| carbohydrate | proximates | 1410 | % DW | 84.65 | 84.7 | 77.4–89.5 | 99.999% | 78.4–88.9 |
| crude fat | proximates | 260 | % DW | 3.98 | 3.94 | 2.47–5.90 | 73.417% | not calculable |
| crud protein | proximates | 1434 | % DW | 10.30 | 10.21 | 6.15–17.26 | 99.999% | 6.67–16.86 |
| total fat | proximates | 1174 | % DW | 3.56 | 3.50 | 1.74–5.82 | 99.990% | 2.09–5.58 |
| acid detergent fiber | fiber | 1350 | % DW | 4.06 | 3.8 | 1.82–11.34 | 99.998% | 2.18–9.33 |
| crude fiber | fiber | 301 | % DW | 2.36 | 2.4 | 0.49–3.26 | 80.384% | not calculable |
| neutral detergent fiber | fiber | 1349 | % DW | 11.23 | 10.93 | 5.59–22.64 | 99.998% | 6.74–19.85 |
| total dietary fiber | fiber | 397 | % DW | 16.43 | 15.48 | 8.85–35.31 | 90.731% | not calculable |
| calcium | minerals | 1344 | mg/kg DW | 46.35 | 45.2 | 12.7–208.4 | 99.998% | 17.7–112.4 |
| copper | minerals | 1255 | mg/kg DW | 1.74 | 1.65 | 0.073–18.50 | 99.995% | 0.77–4.12 |
| iron | minerals | 1255 | mg/kg DW | 21.81 | 21.83 | 10.42–49.07 | 99.995% | 10.58–39.20 |
| magnesium | minerals | 1257 | mg/kg DW | 1194 | 1192 | 594–1940 | 99.996% | 768–1601 |
| manganese | minerals | 1256 | mg/kg DW | 6.18 | 5.94 | 1.69–14.3 | 99.995% | 2.06–11.5 |
| phosphorus | minerals | 1349 | mg/kg DW | 3273 | 3279 | 1470–5330 | 99.998% | 1632–4359 |
| potassium | minerals | 1257 | mg/kg DW | 3842 | 3786 | 1810–6030 | 99.996% | 2240–5354 |
| sodium | minerals | 300 | mg/kg DW | 26.73 | 5.26 | 0.17–731.54 | 80.235% | not calculable |
| zinc | minerals | 1257 | mg/kg DW | 21.55 | 21.3 | 6.5–37.2 | 99.996% | 8.7–33.2 |
| alanine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 7.90 | 7.81 | 4.39–13.93 | 99.998% | 4.81–12.03 |
| arginine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 4.33 | 4.41 | 1.19–6.39 | 99.998% | 2.14–6.19 |
| aspartic acid | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 6.88 | 6.87 | 3.35–12.08 | 99.998% | 4.44–10.50 |
| cystine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 2.21 | 2.17 | 1.25–5.14 | 99.998% | 1.33–3.62 |
| glutamic acid | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 20.09 | 19.89 | 9.65–35.36 | 99.998% | 11.43–31.78 |
| glycine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 3.85 | 3.83 | 1.84–5.39 | 99.998% | 2.50–5.28 |
| histidine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 2.96 | 2.94 | 1.37–4.34 | 99.998% | 1.98–4.16 |
| isoleucine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 3.68 | 3.61 | 1.79–6.92 | 99.998% | 2.32–5.96 |
| leucine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 13.41 | 13.21 | 6.42–24.92 | 99.998% | 7.42–21.74 |
| lysine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 3.15 | 3.12 | 1.72–6.68 | 99.998% | 2.18–6.21 |
| methionine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 2.09 | 2.05 | 1.24–4.68 | 99.998% | 1.3–3.7 |
| phenylalanine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 5.25 | 5.19 | 2.44–9.30 | 99.998% | 3.07–8.21 |
| proline | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 9.51 | 9.49 | 4.62–16.32 | 99.998% | 5.95–14.21 |
| serine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 5.12 | 5.11 | 2.35–7.69 | 99.998% | 2.88–7.51 |
| threonine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 3.75 | 3.57 | 2.24–6.66 | 99.998% | 2.35–6.47 |
| tryptophan | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 0.627 | 0.613 | 0.271–2.150 | 99.998% | 0.406–1.080 |
| tyrosine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 3.36 | 3.37 | 1.03–6.42 | 99.998% | 1.31–5.64 |
| valine | amino acids | 1350 | mg/g DW | 4.90 | 4.82 | 2.66–8.55 | 99.998% | 3.34–7.23 |
| 16:0 palmitic | fatty acids | 1344 | % FA | 11.50 | 11.43 | 7.94–20.71 | 99.998% | 8.07–16.39 |
| 16:1 palmitoleic | fatty acids | 596 | % FA | 0.154 | 0.149 | 0.095–0.447 | 98.242% | 0.095–0.447 |
| 18:0 stearic | fatty acids | 1344 | % FA | 1.82 | 1.78 | 1.02–3.40 | 99.998% | 1.13–3.10 |
| 18:1 oleic | fatty acids | 1344 | % FA | 25.81 | 25.2 | 17.4–40.2 | 99.998% | 17.9–38.7 |
| 18:2 linoleic | fatty acids | 1344 | % FA | 57.63 | 58.45 | 36.2–66.5 | 99.998% | 40.8–65.9 |
| 18:3 linolenic | fatty acids | 1344 | % FA | 1.20 | 1.16 | 0.57–2.25 | 99.998% | 0.72–2.20 |
| 20:0 arachidic | fatty acids | 988 | % FA | 0.412 | 0.4 | 0.297–0.965 | 99.947% | 0.283–0.816 |
| 20:1 eicosenoic | fatty acids | 987 | % FA | 0.297 | 0.293 | 0.17–1.92 | 99.946% | 0.183–0.453 |
| 22:0 behenic | fatty acids | 924 | % FA | 0.176 | 0.171 | 0.11–0.349 | 99.904% | 0.11–0.319 |
| beta-carotene | vitamins | 278 | mg/100g DW | 0.680 | 0.523 | <0.026–4.681 | 76.704% | not calculable |
| beta-tocopherol | vitamins | 224 | mg/100g DW | 0.140 | <0.06 | <0.05–2.28 | 65.656% | not calculable |
| delta-tocopherol | vitamins | 224 | mg/100g DW | 0.151 | <0.06 | <0.048–1.61 | 65.656% | not calculable |
| folic acid | vitamins | 896 | mg/100g DW | 0.065 | 0.066 | <0.011–0.146 | 99.877% | 0.147–0.132 |
| gamma-tocopherol | vitamins | 367 | mg/100g DW | 2.95 | 2.86 | 0.646–6.100 | 88.228% | not calculable |
| total tocopherols | vitamins | 278 | mg/100g DW | 4.04 | 3.81 | 0.869–13.30 | 76.704% | not calculable |
| vitamin B1 (thiamin) | vitamins | 894 | mg/100g DW | 0.530 | 0.412 | 0.126–40000 | 99.874% | 0.138–3.501 |
| vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | vitamins | 896 | mg/100g DW | 0.109 | 0.111 | 0.05–0.236 | 99.877% | <0.1–0.234 |
| vitamin B3 | vitamins | 415 | mg/100g DW | 2.38 | 2.32 | 1.04–4.69 | 91.984% | not calculable |
| vitamin B6 | vitamins | 415 | mg/100g DW | 0.644 | 0.635 | 0.368–1.132 | 91.984% | not calculable |
| vitamin E | vitamins | 863 | mg/g DW | 0.0103 | 0.0095 | 0.0015–0.0687 | 99.834% | 0.0018–0.0417 |
| phytic acid | bio-actives | 1196 | % DW | 0.745 | 0.733 | 0.111–1.570 | 99.992% | 0.18–1.38 |
| raffinose | bio-actives | 743 | % DW | 0.126 | 0.123 | 0.01–0.32 | 99.514% | 0.01–0.29 |
| trypsin inhibitor | bio-actives | 702 | TIU/mg DW | 7.72 | 2.65 | <2–7.18 | 99.302% | <2–6.73 |
| ferulic acid | other metabolites | 817 | mg/kg DW | 2201 | 2180 | 291.9–33860 | 99.749% | 542–3842 |
| furfural | other metabolites | 230 | mg/kg DW | 0.675 | 0.5 | <0.5–6.34 | 67.065% | not calculable |
| inositol | other metabolites | 505 | mg/kg DW | 1329 | 1367 | <45–3765 | 96.188% | <45–3765 |
| p-coumaric acid | other metabolites | 817 | mg/kg DW | 218.4 | 202 | 53.4–576.2 | 99.749% | 67.3–551.3 |
The number of significant figures represented in the table reflects the data available in the ILSI Crop Composition Database.
a)
Where data includes values less than the level of quantification (LOQ), values of 1/2 the LOQ were used to calculate means.
b)
Where data include values of “<LOQ”, values were ranked based on 1/2 the LOQ for establishing ranges and tolerance intervals, but reported intervals reflect the actual LOQ.