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. 2010 Jun 22;38(20):7037–7053. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq565

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© The Author(s) 2010. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Modulation of PfSSB expression and activity in the presence of apicoplast inhibitors. (A) The graph shows the parasitemia (%) at different time points in the absence and presence of different concentration of gyrase inhibitor ciprofloxacin. (B) Western blot analysis using anti-PfSSB antibodies to show the effect of ciprofloxacin on the expression of PfSSB at protein level during first life cycle (34 h) and second life cycle (82 h). There was overall decrease in PfSSB protein level as well as appearance of an extra band (asterisk) during second life cycle in ciprofloxacin treated samples. The expression profile of PfActin and nuclear PfPCNA are also shown as controls. (C) The left panel shows the expression profile PfSSB at different time points along with control PfActin in the absence and presence of ciprofloxacin. ‘Asterisk’ indicates the unprocessed form of SSB. The right panel shows the effect of artimisinin at different concentration on PfSSB and PfActin expression. Artimisinin does not seem to have any effect on PfSSB expression. (D) Western blot analysis using parasite lysate obtained from ciprofloxacin (cip) or tetracycline (tet) treated or untreated samples in the presence of anti-PfSSB or anti-PfHU (histone like protein) or PfActin antibodies. ‘Asterisk’ indicates the unprocessed form of HU and PfSSB. (E) Effect of ciprofloxacin on ssDNA binding activity from Plasmodium extract. The left panel shows the western blot analysis using anti-PfSSB antibodies with or without drug treatment along with actin as control. The right panel shows the gel retardation assay using parasite lysate from cip. treated and untreated samples.