Location and expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in vivo. A, SIRT6 deficiency increases membrane association of GLUT4 in the muscle under physiological conditions. B, Western blot analysis of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in the liver, muscle, spleen, and brown fat from mice without or with insulin treatment (0.75 units/kg body weight, 30 min after IP injection). C, SIRT6 deficiency increases membrane association of GLUT1 in the liver. D and E. SIRT6 deficiency increases Glut1 transcription in the liver, muscle, spleen, and brown fat (D) and C2C12 cells carrying shRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT6 (E). * represents p < 0.05 by Student's t test.