Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cancer Surviv. 2010 Jul 23;4(4):372–380. doi: 10.1007/s11764-010-0139-5

Table 3.

Hazard rate ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for all-cause and breast cancer mortality according to components of social connectedness.

All-cause Breast Cancer
N1 Deaths HR2 95% CI HR3 95% CI Deaths HR2 95% CI HR3 95% CI
Religious participation
    Never 1,125 160 1.00 1.00 46 1.00 1.00
    < Once per month 461 52 0.78 0.57 to 1.06 0.89 0.65 to 1.22 16 0.85 0.48 to 1.51 0.87 0.49 to 1.54
    1–3 times per month 455 49 0.66 0.48 to 0.92 0.74 0.53 to 1.03 9 0.51 0.25 to 1.04 0.57 0.28 to 1.19
    Once a week 1,822 207 0.62 0.50 to 0.76 0.67 0.54 to 0.83 52 0.74 0.49 to 1.11 0.84 0.55 to 1.27
    > Once a week 670 68 0.54 0.40 to 0.72 0.66 0.49 to 0.90 21 0.84 0.49 to 1.42 1.00 0.58 to 1.73
    P-trend <0.0001 0.0001 0.23 0.67
Community group participation
    None 1,980 269 1.00 1.00 65 1.00 1.00
    1–2 hours per week 1,233 137 0.82 0.66 to 1.01 0.93 0.76 to 1.15 48 1.20 0.82 to 1.74 1.31 0.89 to 1.93
    3–5 hours per week 827 93 0.75 0.59 to 0.95 0.84 0.66 to 1.07 22 0.82 0.50 to 1.32 0.86 0.53 to 1.42
    6–10 hours per week 286 24 0.49 0.33 to 0.75 0.58 0.38 to 0.88 4 0.43 0.16 to 1.19 0.44 0.16 to 1.23
    11–15 hours per week 82 4 0.30 0.11 to 0.81 0.40 0.15 to 1.08 1 0.36 0.05 to 2.58 0.42 0.06 to 3.02
    ≥16 hours per week 91 4 0.36 0.13 to 0.96 0.39 0.15 to 1.06 2 0.62 0.15 to 2.55 0.58 0.14 to 2.38
    P-trend <0.0001 0.0005 0.07 0.11
Cancer support group participation
    Never 3,828 476 1.00 1.00 114 1.00 1.00
    In the past 423 36 0.94 0.67 to 1.33 1.06 0.75 to 1.50 18 1.32 0.80 to 2.19 1.22 0.73 to 2.05
    Currently 257 21 0.82 0.53 to 1.28 1.00 0.64 to 1.56 10 1.37 0.71 to 2.62 1.15 0.59 to 2.24
Number of close relatives
    None 363 58 1.00 1.00 14 1.00 1.00
    1–2 1,484 198 0.92 0.68 to 1.23 0.95 0.71 to 1.28 51 0.84 0.47 to 1.53 0.82 0.45 to 1.49
    3–5 1,559 157 0.74 0.55 to 1.00 0.81 0.60 to 1.10 45 0.71 0.39 to 1.29 0.70 0.38 to 1.29
    6–9 633 76 0.91 0.65 to 1.29 1.09 0.77 to 1.54 20 0.77 0.38 to 1.52 0.73 0.36 to 1.48
    ≥10 515 54 0.80 0.55 to 1.15 0.98 0.67 to 1.43 16 0.77 0.37 to 1.57 0.77 0.37 to 1.61
    P-trend 0.20 0.91 0.42 0.46
Number of close relatives seen at least once per month
    None 1,109 139 1.00 1.00 35 1.00 1.00
    1–2 1,745 231 1.11 0.90 to 1.37 1.13 0.91 to 1.39 58 1.06 0.70 to 1.62 0.99 0.65 to 1.51
    3–5 1,149 111 0.89 0.69 to 1.15 0.98 0.76 to 1.27 34 0.92 0.57 to 1.48 0.90 0.56 to 1.46
    6–9 376 44 1.00 0.71 to 1.41 1.12 0.79 to 1.58 9 0.74 0.35 to 1.54 0.74 0.35 to 1.56
    ≥10 173 18 0.97 0.59 to 1.58 1.13 0.69 to 1.86 9 1.62 0.78 to 3.38 1.41 0.67 to 3.00
    P-trend 0.48 0.74 0.95 0.97
Number of close friends
    None 133 19 1.00 1.00 4 1.00 1.00
    1–2 1,007 124 0.96 0.59 to 1.56 1.11 0.68 to 1.82 35 1.12 0.40 to 3.15 1.25 0.44 to 3.56
    3–5 1,971 228 0.87 0.55 to 1.40 1.06 0.65 to 1.71 64 1.06 0.39 to 2.92 1.24 0.45 to 3.46
    6–9 828 95 0.81 0.49 to 1.32 1.04 0.63 to 1.72 18 0.74 0.25 to 2.18 0.86 0.29 to 2.58
    ≥10 621 78 0.84 0.51 to 1.39 1.19 0.71 to 1.99 25 1.40 0.49 to 4.01 1.71 0.58 to 5.01
    P-trend 0.21 0.69 0.82 0.53
Number of close friends seen at least once per month
    None 311 37 1.00 1.00 9 1.00 1.00
    1–2 1,616 207 1.13 0.80 to 1.60 1.21 0.85 to 1.72 52 1.10 0.54 to 2.24 1.21 0.60 to 2.48
    3–5 1,766 204 0.97 0.69 to 1.38 1.13 0.79 to 1.61 56 1.09 0.54 to 2.20 1.27 0.62 to 2.59
    6–9 555 64 0.89 0.59 to 1.33 1.04 0.69 to 1.57 17 1.10 0.49 to 2.46 1.29 0.57 to 2.93
    ≥10 294 30 0.81 0.50 to 1.32 1.05 0.64 to 1.71 11 1.35 0.56 to 3.26 1.50 0.61 to 3.67
    P-trend 0.05 0.54 0.62 0.40
Number of children
    None 495 62 1.00 1.00 16 1.00 1.00
    1–2 1,869 214 0.95 0.72 to 1.26 0.87 0.61 to 1.23 62 1.01 0.59 to 1.76 0.93 0.48 to 1.80
    3–5 1,960 225 0.90 0.68 to 1.19 0.92 0.58 to 1.46 60 1.00 0.58 to 1.74 0.99 0.40 to 2.44
    ≥6 232 40 1.19 0.80 to 1.78 1.22 0.71 to 2.11 6 0.91 0.35 to 2.35 0.90 0.27 to 2.98
    P-trend 0.98 0.49 0.89 0.89
Number of living children seen at least once per month
    None 876 101 1.00 1.00 26 1.00 1.00
    1–2 2,391 271 1.09 0.87 to 1.37 1.12 0.86 to 1.45 72 1.00 0.64 to 1.57 0.93 0.56 to 1.55
    3–5 1,146 144 1.19 0.92 to 1.53 1.29 0.93 to 1.78 41 1.25 0.76 to 2.04 1.33 0.70 to 2.53
    ≥6 134 26 1.56 1.02 to 2.41 1.48 0.93 to 2.37 5 1.40 0.53 to 3.64 1.41 0.50 to 3.95
    P-trend 0.05 0.05 0.26 0.27
Have confidant
    Yes 4128 483 1.00 1.00 130 1.00 1.00
    No 366 52 1.06 0.80 to 1.41 0.93 0.70 to 1.25 13 1.19 0.67 to 2.11 1.23 0.69 to 2.19
Frequency of seeing confidant
    Daily 2,042 245 1.00 1.00 73 1.00 1.00
    Weekly 1,551 181 0.92 0.76 to 1.11 0.91 0.75 to 1.11 46 0.85 0.59 to 1.23 0.89 0.61 to 1.29
    Monthly 299 33 0.92 0.64 to 1.33 0.94 0.65 to 1.35 7 0.65 0.30 to 1.42 0.66 0.30 to 1.45
    Several times/year 188 18 0.72 0.45 to 1.17 0.76 0.47 to 1.22 0 na na
    Once a year or less 25 3 0.90 0.29 to 2.82 1.11 0.35 to 3.51 0 na na
    P-trend 0.18 0.26 0.01 0.01
Currently Married
    Yes 3130 306 1.00 1.00 99 1.00 1.00
    No 1393 230 1.21 1.02 to 1.45 0.96 0.79 to 1.15 44 1.08 0.74 to 1.55 1.02 0.70 to 1.49
1

Numbers do not sum to 4589 due to missing values.

2

Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals estimated from models adjusted for age at diagnosis and state of residence.

3

Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals estimated from models adjusted for factors at diagnosis (age, breast cancer stage, state of residence, menopausal status, smoking, hormone replacement therapy use, parity, education), interval between diagnosis and social support assessment, and factors at the time of social support assessment (treatment (radiation, chemotherapy, tamoxifen), physical activity (quintiles), BMI (quintiles), weight change from pre-diagnosis to follow-up).