Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics

	Full sample (n = 58)			Combined letter name and sound condition (n = 20)			Letter sound only condition (n = 20)			Number condition (n = 18)
	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range	M	SD	Range
LN screening	3.53	2.70	0 – 8	3.65	2.80	0 – 8	3.40	2.50	0 – 8	3.56	2.96	0 – 8
Pretest
Parent education	5.53	1.12	1.00 – 7.00	5.73	0.88	4.00 – 7.00	5.14	1.54	1.00 – 7.00	5.71	0.71	4.50 – 7.00
Age (years)	3.77	0.62	2.77 – 5.00	3.70	0.65	2.77 – 5.00	3.78	0.56	2.79 – 4.86	3.83	0.66	2.97 – 4.95
LS	0.95	1.88	0 – 9	0.90	2.02	0 – 7	1.05	2.06	0 – 9	0.89	1.57	0 – 5
Voc SS	98.29	11.36	64 – 125	100.40	9.80	85 – 119	95.50	10.80	64 – 108	99.06	13.42	77 – 125
PA raw score	10.95	5.34	0 – 23	11.20	5.15	1 – 22	10.60	5.88	0 – 23	11.06	5.20	2 – 21
PA SS	92.72	12.89	69 – 124	94.35	10.97	72 – 110	91.40	13.83	69 – 120	92.39	14.26	72 – 124
Number ID	2.84	3.10	0 – 10	2.75	3.19	0 – 9	2.50	2.78	0 – 8	3.33	3.43	0 – 10
Posttest
LN	8.84	6.52	0 – 25	10.40	8.22	0 – 25	7.35	5.27	0 – 16	8.78	5.51	0 – 20
LS	3.03	4.42	0 – 20	4.35	5.98	0 – 20	2.60	3.44	0 – 15	2.06	3.00	0 – 9
PA raw score	13.28	4.43	3 – 27	13.90	4.23	7 – 21	12.80	4.46	3 – 21	13.11	4.79	7 – 27
PA SS	97.48	11.46	72 – 126	101.25	9.09	85 – 115	95.15	12.48	72 – 123	95.89	12.18	79 – 126
Number ID	5.19	4.11	0 – 16	4.85	3.54	1 – 11	3.75	3.40	0 – 11	7.17	4.81	0 – 16

Note. LN = letter name; LS = letter sound; Voc = Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test; SS = standard score; PA = Test of Preschool Emergent Literacy Phonological Awareness subtest; Number ID = number identification assessment.