Table 2.
Changes in cardiorenal and neurohumoral function from baseline in the three experimental groups with tolvaptan alone, tolvaptan plus BNP, or BNP alone, respectively.
| Δ with TLV |
Δ with TLV+BNP |
Δ with BNP |
p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemodynamic function | ||||
| Cardiac output (L/min) | −0.05 (0.07) | −0.08 (0.23) | +0.51 (1.13) | 0.26 |
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) | −0.3 (0.8) | −0.7 (0.9) | −1.3 (0.6)* | 0.15 |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg) | −0.9 (2.0) | −1.2 (0.8)* | −4.0 (1.0)* | 0.0029b,c |
| Renal perfusion pressure (mmHg) | +6 (3) | −1 (2) | −14 (3) | <0.0001a,b,c |
| Renal blood flow (mL/min) | +3 (9) | +14 (30) | +24 (34) | 0.40 |
| Renal vascular resistance (mmHg·L−1·min) |
+69 (210) | +43 (583) | −124 (85)* | 0.56 |
| Renal function | ||||
| Urinary potassium excretion (μEq/min) | +5 (1/7) | +15 (8/21)* | +24 (15/39)* | 0.0027b |
| Filtration fraction | −0.04 (0.29) | +0.08 (0.32) | −0.03 (0.14) | 0.67 |
| Urinary cGMP excretion (pmol/min) | +348 (−507/1120) | +5356 (2320/8142)* | +6369 (4196/7682)* | 0.0022a,b |
| Urine osmolality (mosm/L) | −708 (657)* | −1013 (468)* | −310 (92)* | 0.13 |
| Humoral function | ||||
| Hematocrit (%) | +1 (3) | 0 (2) | 0 (1) | 0.83 |
| Plasma Na+ (mmol/L) | +5 (8) | −1 (7) | −3 (6) | 0.12 |
| Plasma K+ (mmol/L) | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.1 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.2)* | 0.26 |
| Plasma Osm (mOsm/L) | +3 (10) | +2 (8) | −19 (17) | 0.015b,c |
| Angiotensin II (pg/mL) | +5 (−20/18) | −15 (−79/−5) | −29 (−39/−21)* | 0.39 |
Values are mean (SD) for normally distributed data or median (25th/75th percentile) for not normally distributed data.
*
indicates p<0.05 vs. respective baseline level.
†
p-value for comparison of changes from baseline induced by TLV vs. TLV+BNP vs. BNP.
P<0.05 in post-hoc tests is indicated as follows:
a
TLV vs. TLV+BNP
b
TLV vs. BNP
c
TLV+BNP vs. BNP.
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide, TLV, tolvaptan; Δ, change from baseline level.