Table 3.
Prevalence ratios of hypertension among Whites by place of birth and place of residence before and after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, neighborhood characteristics, and hypertension risk factors
| Model 1* | Model 2* | Model 3* | Model 4† | Model 5‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born in southern state | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.34) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.32) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) | 1.17 (1.00, 1.38) |
| Foreign-born | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.15) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.15) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.13) |
| Born in non-southern state | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Forsyth | 1.32 (1.09, 1.60) | 1.30 (1.08, 1.58) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.50) | 1.32 (0.95, 1.84) | 1.29 (0.94, 1.78) |
| New York | 1.01 (0.79, 1.28) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.27) | 0.99 (0.78, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.29) | 1.03 (0.81, 1.31) |
| Baltimore | 1.24 (1.05, 1.47) | 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.39) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.62) |
| Los Angeles | 1.20 (0.93, 1.56) | 1.20 (0.93, 1.55) | 1.13 (0.88, 1.47) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.66) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) |
| Chicago | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Parental education less than HS | 1.12 (0.95, 1.31) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.23) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.24) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | |
| Parental education HS complete | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) | |
| Parental education college complete | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| HS or less | 1.24 (1.05, 1.47) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.49) | 1.24 (1.05, 1.47) | ||
| Some college/technical degree | 1.17 (1.00, 1.36) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.36) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.35) | ||
| Bachelors/Graduate degree | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Income <$25,000 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) | ||
| Income $25,000–$39,999 | 1.02 (0.84, 1.22) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.24) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.19) | ||
| Income $40,000–$74,999 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.25) | ||
| Income > $74,999 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Neighborhood physical environment | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | |||
| Neighborhood social environment | 1.05 (0.91, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) |
*
Adjusted for age and sex in addition to all the variables shown
†
Adjusted for age, sex, years in current neighborhood in addition to all the variables shown
‡
Adjusted for age, sex, years in current neighborhood, BMI, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, diet, and exercise in addition to all the variables shown