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Simulated active muscle stress during swallowing. Active stress is defined in Eq. 8 and denoted as σm. The color code represents the magnitude of active muscle tension (kPa) in the direction of muscle fibers ξ. The dominant patters of active stress (largest magnitude) is associated with lingual rotation about the genioid process and is associated with sequential regional contraction of the regions of the genioglossus.
