Table 2.
Summary of the most significant age-related changes found in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, regulatory cytokines, including growth factors, and chemokines, in supernatants of peritoneal leukocytes cultured under (a) basal, (b) LPS-, and (c) ConA-stimulated conditions from old, very old, and extreme long-lived ICR/CD1 female mice as compared to the middle-aged mice
| Old | Very old | Long-lived | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Basal | |||
| Proinflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1β | ↑↑↑ | ↑↑↑ | = |
| IL-3 | = | ↑↑ | = |
| IL-6 | ↑↑↑ | = | = |
| IL-12 p70 | ↑ | = | = |
| IFN-γ | = | ↑ | = |
| TNF-α | ↑ | ↑↑↑ | = |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-10 | ↓↓↓ | = | ↑ |
| IL-13 | ↑↑ | = | ↑↑↑ |
| Regulatory cytokines | |||
| IL-2 | = | = | ↑↑ |
| IL-5 | = | ↓↓↓ | = |
| IL-9 | = | = | ↑↑ |
| IL-17 | ↓↓ | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓ |
| Chemokines | |||
| KC | = | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓↓ |
| MIP-1β | = | ↓ | ↓ |
| (b) LPS | |||
| Proinflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1α | = | ↑↑ | = |
| IL-1β | ↑ | ↑ | = |
| IL-6 | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | = |
| IFN-γ | ↓↓ | = | = |
| TNF-α | ↓↓↓ | = | = |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-4 | ↓↓↓ | = | = |
| IL-10 | ↓ | = | = |
| IL-13 | = | = | ↑↑↑ |
| Regulatory cytokines | |||
| IL-17 | ↓ | = | = |
| VEGF | = | ↑↑↑ | = |
| Chemokines | |||
| KC | = | ↓↓↓ | = |
| MCP-1 | ↓ | = | = |
| MIP-1β | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓↓ |
| RANTES | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓ |
| (c) ConA | |||
| Proinflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-1α | ↓ | ↑ | = |
| IL-1β | = | ↑ | = |
| IL-3 | ↓↓ | ↓ | = |
| IL-6 | ↓ | = | = |
| IL-12 p70 | ↓ | = | = |
| IFN-γ | ↓↓ | = | = |
| TNF-α | ↓↓ | = | = |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-10 | ↓↓↓ | = | = |
| IL-13 | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Regulatory cytokines | |||
| IL-2 | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓↓ | ↑ |
| IL-5 | = | ↓ | = |
| GM-CSF | = | = | ↑ |
| Chemokines | |||
| KC | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| MCP-1 | ↓ | = | = |
| MIP-1β | ↓↓ | ↓ | = |
↑↑↑ P<0.001, ↑↑ P<0.01, ↑ P<0.05 increase, and ↓↓↓ P<0.001, ↓↓ P<0.01, ↓ P<0.05 decrese, with respect to the value in middle-aged animals