Table 2.
Logistic regression with OR and CI for survival to age 85 (n = 2,008)
| Survived to 85 years (n = 1,369) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | Age- and sex-adjusteda | Stepwise full modelb | ||||
| OR | (95% CI) | p value | OR | (95% CI) | p value | |
| Demographic and demographic | ||||||
| Sex (female) | 2.13 | (1.74–2.60) | <0.001 | 1.72 | (1.29-2.27) | <0.001 |
| Education (per category increase) | 1.07 | (1.01–1.13) | 0.022 | – | – | – |
| Spousal death (absent) | 1.59 | (1.13–2.22) | 0.007 | – | – | – |
| Smoking (non-smoker) | 1.49 | (1.17–1.88) | 0.001 | 1.36 | (1.06–1.75) | 0.015 |
| Health and morbidity indicators | ||||||
| Any medication usage (per medication increase) | 0.88 | (0.84–0.92) | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Anti-hypertensive usage (none recorded) | 1.42 | (1.08–1.88) | 0.013 | – | – | – |
| Left ventricular function (normal) | 2.69 | (1.70–4.24) | <0.001 | 2.23 | (1.38–3.60) | 0.001 |
| Self-rated health (1: worse to 3: better) | 1.54 | (1.32–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.31 | (1.10–1.54) | 0.002 |
| Cognitive status (intact) | 1.77 | (1.34–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.52 | (1.13–2.03) | 0.005 |
| Memory (no problems reported) | 2.19 | (1.46–3.29) | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| ADL (unimpaired) | 1.85 | (1.47–2.31) | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| IADL (unimpaired) | 2.31 | (1.75–3.05) | <0.001 | 1.58 | (1.17–2.14) | 0.003 |
| Stability in body weight (past 12 months) | 1.64 | (1.22–2.20) | 0.001 | 1.42 | (1.04–1.94) | 0.028 |
| Physiological markers | ||||||
| Leucocytes (per 1-SD increase) | 0.81 | (0.71–0.91) | 0.001 | – | – | – |
| C-RP (per 1-SD increase) | 0.74 | (0.67–0.83) | <0.001 | 0.86 | (0.77–0.96) | 0.007 |
| Glucose (per 1-SD increase) | 0.91 | (0.82–1.00) | 0.046 | – | – | – |
| Creatinine (per 1-SD increase) | 0.83 | (0.74–0.93) | 0.002 | – | – | – |
| Uric acid (per 1-SD increase) | 0.86 | (0.78–0.96) | 0.005 | 0.87 | (0.78–0.97) | 0.013 |
| Albumin (per 1-SD increase) | 1.31 | (1.18–1.45) | <0.001 | 1.27 | (1.14–1.43) | <0.001 |
| Femoral neck BMD (per 1-SD increase) | 1.17 | (1.06–1.30) | 0.002 | 1.18 | (1.06–1.31) | 0.003 |
| Systolic BP (per 1-SD increase) | 0.90 | (0.82–1.00) | 0.040 | – | – | – |
| Diastolic BP (per 1-SD increase) | 0.90 | (0.81–0.99) | 0.035 | 0.89 | (0.80–0.99) | 0.026 |
| Heart rate (per 1-SD increase) | 0.88 | (0.80–0.97) | 0.013 | – | – | – |
| Total cholesterol (per 1-SD increase) | 1.14 | (1.03–1.27) | 0.015 | – | – | – |
| Ankle brachial index (per 1-SD increase) | 1.34 | (1.21–1.48) | <0.001 | 1.19 | (1.06–1.33) | 0.002 |
| Aortic calcification (one category increase) | 0.88 | (0.81–0.95) | 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Intima media thickness (per 1-SD increase) | 0.83 | (0.75–0.92) | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Carotid plaques (one category increase) | 0.85 | (0.80–0.91) | <0.001 | 0.91 | (0.85–0.98) | 0.008 |
All odds ratios with respect to reference group of non-survival to 85 years (n = 639). Variables in each group which were entered, but not significant in any models include: lifestyle and demographics: relatives, living status, income, health insurance, body mass index, energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol intake; health and health indicators: diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, family history of morbidities, depression history, hospitalisation, hip fracture, vertebral fracture; physiological markers: glucose, HDL cholesterol, lumbar spine BMD
– variables which were not retained in the most parsimonious model, ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, C-RP C-reactive protein, BMD bone mineral density, BP blood pressure
aAdjusted for age and sex where appropriate
bStepwise full model is a backwards stepwise logistic regression adjusted for variables significant in age- and sex-adjusted analyses