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(a) Experimental data from the cardiac apex. Top row: Circular wave-front propagation. Bottom row: Dipolar magnetic pattern of stimulation and propagation. (b) Bidomain model of a skewed stack of spirals at the apex. Top row: Circular wave-front propagation. Bottom row: Dipolar magnetic pattern of stimulation and propagation. (c) Skewed stack shift from epicardium to endocardium with the apex at center. The total shift is 1 mm.
