Fig. 1.
a Univariate SEM with three latent factors on one measured phenotype. A = Additive genetic variance component; C = common environmental variance component; E = unique environmental variance component; a = genetic path coefficient; c = common environmental path coefficient; e = unique environmental path coefficient. Heritability h2 = a2/(a2 + c2 + e2). b Bivariate Cholesky SEM decomposition. A1 = Genetic factor loading on both eGFR and inflammatory marker; A2 = genetic factor loading on inflammatory markers alone; E1 = unique environmental factor loading on both eGFR and inflammatory marker; E2 = unique environmental factor loading on inflammatory markers alone; a11–a22 = genetic path coefficients; e11–e22 = unique environmental path coefficients. a21 = 0 indicates that there is no genetic correlation between eGFR and inflammatory marker, and e21 = 0 indicates that there is no unique environmental correlation. For clarity only genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) factors are illustrated.