TABLE 2.
Subject characteristics1
| LoGIX |
HiGIX |
P (2-factor ANOVA) |
|||||
| Subject characteristics | Prestudy | Poststudy | Prestudy | Poststudy | Time | Trial | Time × trial |
| n (M, F) | 10 (3, 7) | 10 (3, 7) | 12 (5, 7) | 12 (5, 7) | — | — | — |
| Age (y) | 67 ± 2 | 67 ± 2 | 64 ± 1 | 64 ± 1 | — | — | — |
| Weight (kg) | 97.4 ± 3.8 | 89.6 ± 3.4 | 94.7 ± 4.4 | 85.7 ± 4.1 | <0.0001 | 0.46 | 0.52 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.9 ± 1.1 | 32.1 ± 1.3 | 34.1 ± 1.1 | 30.9 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 | 0.40 | 0.43 |
| FM (kg) | 46.8 ± 2.0 | 40.0 ± 2.2 | 42.0 ± 2.2 | 36.1 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 | 0.33 | 0.49 |
| FFM (kg) | 49.9 ± 2.9 | 49.7 ± 2.8 | 55.2 ± 3.6 | 53.9 ± 3.5 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| TAAT (cm2) | 620.4 ± 31.3 | 535.3 ± 33.2 | 553.4 ± 44.9 | 432.0 ± 48.9 | <0.0001 | 0.25 | 0.12 |
| Super SAT (cm2) | 264.0 ± 23.7 | 262.4 ± 27.6 | 218.9 ± 20.2 | 202.0 ± 27.1 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.35 |
| Deep SAT (cm2) | 249.5 ± 27.4 | 194.2 ± 16.8 | 217.0 ± 22.5 | 156.9 ± 18.2 | <0.0001 | 0.50 | 0.83 |
| VAT (cm2) | 106.9 ± 12.7 | 78.7 ± 12.1 | 117.5 ± 26.3 | 73.0 ± 18.5 | <0.0001 | 0.17 | 0.27 |
 O2max (L/min) |
2.03 ± 0.15 | 2.32 ± 0.22 | 2.19 ± 0.14 | 2.45 ± 0.18 | <0.0001 | 0.52 | 0.81 |
|
O2max (mL · kg−1 · min−1) |
20.4 ± 1.1 | 25.6 ± 2.1 | 23.2 ± 1.9 | 28.8 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 | 0.67 | 0.78 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 127 ± 3 | 118 ± 2 | 133 ± 5 | 119 ± 4 | 0.0002 | 0.42 | 0.30 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76 ± 3 | 73 ± 2 | 79 ± 3 | 71 ± 3 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.26 |
| Hb A1c (%) | 5.66 ± 0.14 | 5.44 ± 0.16 | 5.48 ± 0.15 | 5.53 ± 0.13 | 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.27 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 101.1 ± 2.3 | 97.6 ± 1.5 | 96.7 ± 2.0 | 90.8 ± 1.7 | 0.02 | 0.71 | 0.92 |
| FPI (μU/mL) | 24.6 ± 4.8 | 14.2 ± 2.4 | 20.9 ± 6.4 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| FC-pep (ng/mL) | 3.18 ± 0.58 | 2.53 ± 0.34 | 2.11 ± 0.27 | 1.88 ± 0.16 | 0.0008 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 164.2 ± 26.1 | 110.9 ± 12.2 | 129.8 ± 18.9 | 89.0 ± 14.2 | 0.0004 | 0.49 | 0.58 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 214.6 ± 11.3 | 183.5 ± 9.6 | 207.3 ± 8.3 | 181.2 ± 9.2 | <0.0001 | 0.35 | 0.60 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53.3 ± 3.5 | 50.3 ± 3.9 | 49.8 ± 4.1 | 47.0 ± 3.6 | 0.06 | 0.46 | 0.93 |
| VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 32.8 ± 5.3 | 22.1 ± 2.4 | 25.9 ± 3.8 | 17.8 ± 2.8 | 0.0004 | 0.80 | 0.62 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 128.5 ± 9.1 | 111.1 ± 9.7 | 131.6 ± 6.7 | 116.4 ± 7.8 | 0.001 | 0.53 | 0.80 |
All values are means ± SEMs (n = 22). LoGIX, low–glycemic index diet; HiGIX, high–glycemic index diet; FM, fat mass; FFM, fat-free mass; TAAT, total abdominal adipose tissue; Super, superficial; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; O2max, maximal oxygen uptake during exhaustive aerobic exercise; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Hb A1c, glycated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; FC-pep, fasting C-peptide; TG, triglycerides. After the intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in body composition, aerobic fitness, fasting glycemia, and lipemia (P < 0.05, 2-factor ANOVA). No between-group prestudy differences were observed (all P > 0.05, unpaired t test).