TABLE 2.
Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of hip and total fracture by quartile (Q) of total dietary fat intake1
| No. of subjects | Hip fracture |
Total fracture |
|||||||
| Dietary fat | HR (95% CI)2 | P | HR (95% CI)3 | P | HR (95% CI)2 | P | HR (95% CI)3 | P | |
| Total fat | |||||||||
| Q1 (3.89–25.97% of energy) | 34,231 | 1.00 | 0.005 | 1.00 | 0.325 | 1.00 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.146 |
| Q2 (25.98–32.24% of energy) | 34,240 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.20) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) | ||||
| Q3 (32.25–37.87% of energy) | 34,211 | 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.15) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.96) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.01) | ||||
| Q4 (37.88–51.35% of energy)4 | 34,166 | 1.21 (1.06, 1.39) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | ||||
| SFA | |||||||||
| Q1 (1.25–8.28% of energy) | 34,224 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.135 | 1.00 | 0.873 |
| Q2 (8.29–10.52% of energy) | 34,227 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.22) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.22) | 0.96 (0.93, 1.00) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.02) | ||||
| Q3 (10.53–12.77% of energy) | 34,215 | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | ||||
| Q4 (12.78–36.70% of energy) | 34,182 | 1.34 (1.17, 1.53) | 1.31 (1.11, 1.55) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | ||||
| MUFA | |||||||||
| Q1 (1.03–9.63% of energy) | 34,245 | 1.00 | 0.069 | 1.00 | 0.758 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.050 |
| Q2 (9.64–12.17% of energy) | 34,215 | 1.11 (0.97, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.22) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.04) | ||||
| Q3 (12.18–14.51% of energy) | 34,229 | 1.12 (0.98, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.88, 1.22) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.95) | 0.94 (0.89, 0.98) | ||||
| Q4 (14.52–48.50% of energy) | 34,159 | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | ||||
| PUFA | |||||||||
| Q1 (0.71–5.16% of energy) | 34,241 | 1.00 | 0.574 | 1.00 | 0.266 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.019 |
| Q2 (5.17–6.42% of energy) | 34,212 | 0.99 (0.86, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | ||||
| Q3 (6.43–7.89% of energy) | 34,218 | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.01) | ||||
| Q4 (7.90–31.84% of energy) | 34,177 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.19) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.90, 0.99) | ||||
HRs and 95% CIs were obtained from Cox proportional hazard models. P values are from tests for linear trend. SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Models were adjusted for age and ethnicity.
Models were adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, marital status, family history of fracture, fracture on or after age 55 y, number of falls in past year, height, weight, total vitamin D intake, hormone therapy history, antianxiety or antidepressant medication use, bisphosphonate use, corticosteroid use, smoking status, arthritis, depression, general health assessment, parity, treated diabetes, weekly exercise, and total calcium intake.
The maximum total dietary fat intake was 100% of energy, but the 99th percentile was 51%.