TABLE 2.

Total serum osteocalcin, under-carboxylated osteocalcin, glucose, and insulin concentrations and glucose:insulin ratios before and 6 and 12 mo after treatment with a placebo or phylloquinone¹

	Placebo treatment	Phylloquinone treatment	P2
Total osteocalcin (ng/mL)
0 mo	23.88 ± 1.22	27.96 ± 1.68	NS
6 mo	20.94 ± 1.35	20.91 ± 1.79	NS
12 mo	19.95 ± 1.16	19.90 ± 1.54	NS
Under-γ-carboxylated osteocalcin (ng/mL)
0 mo	4.24 ± 0.31	4.26 ± 0.31	NS
6 mo	2.94 ± 0.27	0.96 ± 0.08	<0.001
12 mo	3.13 ± 0.26	0.92 ± 0.09	<0.001
Serum glucose (mg/dL)
0 mo	79.79 ± 1.42	78.64 ± 2.06	NS
6 mo	81.60 ± 1.52	81.66 ± 1.86	NS
12 mo	78.92 ± 2.2	82.88 ± 1.77	NS
Serum insulin (μIU/mL)
0 mo	6.22 ± 0.78	9.63 ± 1.75	NS
6 mo	7.37 ± 1.08	10.62 ± 2.36	NS
12 mo	7.29 ± 1.02	10.24 ± 1.78	NS
HOMA-IR
0 mo	1.24 ± 0.15	1.93 ± 0.37	NS
6 mo	1.52 ± 0.23	2.24 ± 0.54	NS
12 mo	1.47 ± 0.22	2.13 ± 0.38	NS

¹All values are means ± SEMs. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

²Nonpaired t test.