Table 3.

Bioactive compounds isolated from an extract of A dracunculus L by activity-guided fractionation that inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity and expression, or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase overexpression [59-61]

Isolated compounds	ALR2	PTP-1B	PEPCK
4,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acida,b,c	Active	–	–
Davidigenina,b,c,d	Active	–	–
6-Demethoxydihydrochalconea,b,c	Active	–	Active
2′,4′-Dihycroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalconea,b,c,d,e,f	Active	Active	Active
2′,4-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxydihydrochalconea,b,c,d,e	–	Active	–
Sakuranetinb,c,g	–	Active	–

ALR₂ indicates aldose reductase; PTB-1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

^aConfirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance.

^bNew compound to A dracunculus.

^cActivity reported for the first time.

^dDihydrochalcone.

^eNew compound to genus Artemisia.

^fFirst report as a constituent of plants.

^gFlavonoid.