Table 3.

Complete List of Arguments Used in the Study

Familiar spatial environments	Unfamiliar spatial environments
Cambodia is west of Vietnam	Buffalo are trailing deer
Vietnam is west of Japan	Deer are trailing caribou
Cambodia is east of Japan	Caribou are trailing buffalo
Estonia is east of Latvia	The plates are over the napkins
Latvia is east of Russia	The cups are over the plates
Estonia is east of Russia	The napkins are under the cups
Brazil is situated south of Peru	Tailors are standing to one side of lawyers
Argentina is situated north of Brazil	Lawyers are standing to one side of barbers
Peru is situated south of Argentina	Tailors are standing to the other side of barbers
Austria is east of Switzerland	The teacher is in front of the blackboard
Switzerland is east of France	The blackboard is in front of the desk
Austria is east of France	The teacher is in front of the desk
Spain is south of England	Children are seated to the right of adults
Scotland is north of Spain	Infants are seated to the right of adults
England is south of Scotland	Infants are seated to the left of children

Note. Adjacent arguments are matched for validity and determinacy (see text). Familiar spatial arguments appearing in italics are congruent, else incongruent (see text).